Finno-Permic languages explained

Finno-Permic
Acceptance:	proposed
Also Known As:	Finnic
Ethnicity:	Finnic peoples
Region:	Northern Fennoscandia, Baltic states, Southwestern, Southeastern, and Ural region of Russia
Familycolor:	Uralic
Fam2:	Finno-Ugric
Child1:	Permic
Child2:	Balto-Finnic
Child3:	Sámi
Child4:	Mari
Child5:	Mordvin
Glotto:	none
Map:	Finno-Permic Languages0.png
Mapcaption:	The Finno-Permic languages

The Finno-Permic or Finno-Permian languages, sometimes just Finnic or Fennic languages, are a proposed subdivision of the Uralic languages which comprise the Balto-Finnic languages, Sámi languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC.^[1] Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is being questioned, and the interrelationships of its five branches are debated with little consensus.^{[2] [3]}

The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages, with the term Balto-Finnic used to disambiguate the Finnic languages proper.^{[4] [1]} However, in many works, Finnic refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.^{[5] [6]}

Subclassification

The subclassification of the Finno-Permic languages varies among scholars. During the 20th century, most classifications treated Permic vs Finno-Volgaic as the primary division. In the 21st century, Salminen rejected Finno-Permic and Finno-Volgaic entirely.^[7] Other classifications treat the five branches of Finno-Permic as follows.

See also

• Proto-Finnic language

Further reading

• Book: Abondolo. Daniel. 1998. The Uralic Languages. London and New York. 0-415-08198-X.

Notes and References

1. Book: Taagepera, Rein. 1999. The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state. 32–33. Psychology Press . 0-415-91977-0.
2. Web site: Salminen. Tapani. 2002. Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies.
3. Encyclopedia: Aikio . Ante . Proto-Uralic . Bakró-Nagy . Marianne . Marianne Bakró-Nagy. Laakso . Johanna . Skribnik . Elena . Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages . 2019 . Oxford University Press . Oxford, UK . 1–4 .
4. Encyclopedia: Finno-Ugric languages. 2013. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
5. Book: The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages . 2022 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-876766-4 . Bakró-Nagy . Marianne . Oxford . Laakso . Johanna . Skribnik . Elena K..
6. Book: Salminen, Tapani. Demography, endangerment and revitalization. 93. The Uralic languages . 2023 . Routledge . 978-1-138-65084-8 . Abondolo . Daniel Mario . 2nd . Routledge Language Family . London New York . Valijärvi . Riitta-Liisa.
7. Book: Salminen, Tapani. 2007. Europe and North Asia . Christopher Moseley . Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages . London . Routlegde . 211–280.
8. Book: Janhunen, Juha. Proto-Uralic—what, where and when? . 2009 . Jussi Ylikoski . The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society . Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258 . Helsinki . Société Finno-Ougrienne . 978-952-5667-11-0. 0355-0230. http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust258/sust258_janhunen.pdf.
9. Jaakko . Häkkinen . Kantauralin murteutuminen vokaalivastaavuuksien valossa . 2007 . Master's . Helsingfors universitet . fi . . 10138/19684 . free.
10. Book: Lehtinen, Tapani. 2007. Kielen vuosituhannet . Tietolipas. 215. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. 978-951-746-896-1.
11. Michalove, Peter A. (2002) The Classification of the Uralic Languages: Lexical Evidence from Finno-Ugric. In: Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, vol. 57
12. Book: Kulonen, Ulla-Maija. Kielitiede ja suomen väestön juuret. Riho. Grünthal. Ennen, muinoin. Miten menneisyyttämme tutkitaan. 2002. Tietolipas. 180. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. 978-951-746-332-4. 104–108.