Filipe Nyusi Explained

Honorific-Prefix:His Excellency
Filipe Nyusi
Office:4th President of Mozambique
Term Start:15 January 2015
Predecessor:Armando Guebuza
Primeminister:Alberto Vaquina
Carlos Agostinho do Rosário
Adriano Maleiane
Office2:Chairman of Southern African Development Community
Term Start2:17 August 2020
Term End2:17 August 2022
Predecessor2:John Magufuli
Successor2:Félix Tshisekedi
Office3:Minister of National Defence
Term Start3:27 March 2008
Term End3:14 March 2014[1]
Predecessor3:Tobias Joaquim Dai
Successor3:Agostinho Mondlane
Party:FRELIMO
Birth Date:1959 2, df=yes
Nationality:Mozambican
Spouse:Isaura Nyusi
Children:4
Alma Mater:
Profession:Mechanical engineer

Filipe Jacinto Nyusi (pronounced as /pt/; born 9 February 1959) is a Mozambican politician serving since 2015 as the fourth President of Mozambique. He is the current leader of FRELIMO, the party that has governed Mozambique since its independence from Portugal in 1975. Additionally, he has served as the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community since August 2020.[2] During his time in office, President Nyusi has promoted peace and security, and signed multiple agreements with the main opposition parties, RENAMO, to bring a definitive and lasting peace to Mozambique.[3] [4] [5]

Nyusi served as the Minister of Defense from 2008 to 2014 under Armando Guebuza. He won the 2014 and 2019 Mozambican presidential elections as the candidate of FRELIMO. Despite allegations of irregularities[6] the President of the National Election Commission stated that "the elections were free, fair and transparent",[7] with the Constitutional Count verifying the result on 23 December 2019.[8] However, according to the European Union Election Observation Mission in Mozambique, Commonwealth Observer Group, and the U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, the 2019 election was characterized by instances of fraud, intimidation, and the murders of opposition leaders and election observers.[6] The President of the National Election Commission acknowledged that the 2019 elections were marked by irregularities, stating "that is why when [the National Election Commission] announced the results, nobody heard [the National Election Commission] saying that the elections were free, fair and transparent."[7]

During his time in office from 2015 to 2018, the poverty reduction trend observed between 2009–11 and 2015 reversed direction; the number of multidimensionally poor people increased from about 21.3 to about 22.2 million people from 2015 to 2018, with the extra million poor people mainly located in rural areas of the central provinces.[9]

Since March 2015, at least 10 high-profile figures have been killed in Mozambique.[10] These include leaders of opposition parties, journalists, and academics.[11] [12] [13] [14] Previously, no similarly defined high-profile leaders of opposition parties and academics were reported killed since the Peace Accord of 1992 between RENAMO and FRELIMO. Nyusi has also been accused of abuse of power; for example, some 90,000 school desks publicly delivered by Nyusi in September 2018 were manufactured by a company 50% owned by his daughter.[15] [16] Furthermore, court documents filed by Jean Boustani in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in 2019 and by Iskandar Safa in The High Court of Justice in London in 2021 alleged that Nyusi received up to 2 million dollars in bribes in 2014 in connection with illegal loans (also known as "hidden debts"), which caused an economic crisis in Mozambique when he was the Minister of Defense and/or afterward.[17] [18]

Nyusi's time in office has been marked by the escalation of the war in Mozambique's central and northern regions.[19] [20] The FRELIMO government has been described as authoritarian by The Economist Intelligence Unit,[21] Monjane et al.,[22] and Manning et al.

Early life and career

Nyusi was born in Namau in Mueda District, Cabo Delgado Province, belonging to the Makonde ethnic group. Both his parents were veterans of the liberation movement, FRELIMO. At the start of the Mozambican War of Independence, he was taken across the Ruvuma River to neighboring Tanzania, where he was educated at FRELIMO Primary School in Tunduru. He pursued his secondary education at the FRELIMO school at Mariri in Cabo Delgado and Samora Machel Secondary School in Beira.[23]

In 1973, aged 14, he joined FRELIMO and received political and military training at Nachingwea in Tanzania.[24] In 1990, he completed his mechanical engineering degree at Antonín Zápotocký Military Academy (VAAZ) in Brno, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic's University of Defense.[25]

Before his appointment to the cabinet by President Armando Guebuza, Nyusi worked for the state-owned Mozambique Ports and Railways Authority (CFM). He became the executive director of CFM-Norte, the northern division of the company, in 1995.[26] [27] He joined the company's board of directors in 2007.[28]

From 1993 to 2002, Nyusi served as the President of Clube Ferroviário de Nampula,[29] a top-division football club based in Nampula. He is also a lecturer at the Nampula campus of the Universidade Pedagógica, a fellow of the Africa Leadership Initiative,[29] and a member of the National Committee of Fighters of the National Liberation Struggle (Portuguese: Comité Nacional dos Combatentes da Luta de Libertação Nacional).[30] He received further training in management in India, South Africa, Eswatini, and the United States.[31]

Political career

Minister of Defence

Nyusi took office as Minister of Defence on 27 March 2008, succeeding Tobias Joaquim Dai.[32] Nyusi's appointment came almost exactly one year after a fire at the Malhazine armory in Maputo and the resulting explosions of munitions killed more than 100 people and destroyed 14,000 homes. A government-appointed investigative commission concluded that negligence played a role in the disaster, and Dai "was blamed by many for failing to act on time to prevent the loss of life".[33]

In September 2012, Nyusi was elected to the Central Committee of FRELIMO, the ruling party, at its 10th congress.[34]

2014 presidential election

On 1 March 2014, the FRELIMO Central Committee elected Nyusi as the party's candidate for the 2014 Mozambican presidential election. In the first round of voting, he received 46% of the vote—well ahead of the second-place candidate, Luisa Diogo, but short of the majority needed to win outright. He defeated Diogo in the second round with 68% to her 31%. Although Nyusi was regarded as relatively obscure compared to the other candidates,[34] he was most closely identified with President Guebuza. It was generally believed that the selection of Nyusi as FRELIMO's candidate would enable Guebuza, who was required to step down due to term limits, to retain substantial power after leaving office. Diogo, the defeated candidate, was associated with opposition to Guebuza within the party.[35]

2019 presidential election

Nyusi and his FRELIMO party won a landslide victory in an election that the opposition branded a "mega fraud".[36] The elections were marked by assassinations and significant intimidation of prominent leaders of opposition parties and election observers.[37] [38] Local elections observers, civil society organizations, the Commonwealth Observer Group, and the European Union Election Observation Mission, reported significant intimidation, violence, and fraud during the election period.[39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] State resources, media, and aid for cyclone victims were extensively used in favor of FRELIMO, the ruling party, and its candidates. Nyusi, the incumbent president, was re-elected with 73% of the vote. The main opposition party RENAMO as well as the other opposition parties involved in the elections, contested the results, claiming there were numerous irregularities and accusing FRELIMO of "massive electoral fraud", including hundreds of thousands of "ghost voters".[47] As evidence for the international community, Ossufo Momade, the president of RENAMO, transported to Europe a box filled with voting ballots that had been marked in favor of Nyusi before the start of the vote.[48] [49] [50]

Presidency (2015–present)

Nyusi was inaugurated for his first term as the fourth president of Mozambique on 15 January 2015 and for his second term on 15 January 2020.[51]

During his time in office, Mozambique experienced increased poverty rates. According to the Mozambique Workers' Organization (Portuguese: Organização dos Trabalhadores de Moçambique), 23% of Mozambicans did not have any job or means to earn a living, and most of the unemployed were young.[52] Since 2015, prominent leaders of opposition parties, academics, journalists, and leaders of civil society organizations have been assassinated throughout the country.[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] Several assassination attempts, believed to be ordered by the Nyusi government,[61] were made against the historical leader of opposition party RENAMO, Afonso Dhlakama,[62] [63] [64] who demanded governorship in six provinces he and his party RENAMO had won in the 2014 general election.[65] [66] After the attempts on Dhlakama, war resumed in the traditional bastion of RENAMO in the central region of the country.[67] The war in the central region of Mozambique continues to date. In 2017, another war started in the resource-rich northern region of the country.[68]

Promoting peace and dialogue with Renamo

Since armed conflict re-emerged in 2013,[69] the country has engaged in multiple efforts to secure peace.[70] [71] However, while these processes did not resolve the situation, they provided the platform to advance the peace process further. When the opportunity presented itself in December 2016,[72] President Nyusi reopened dialogue with Renamo's leadership, through a nationally owned peace process that involved direct negotiations with the President of Renamo, the late Afonso Dhlakama. As part of the negotiations, President Nyusi travelled to Gorongosa to meet with Dhlakama. This was the first time in the country's history that a sitting president travelled to Renamo's stronghold.[73]

President Nyusi's efforts culminated in the signing of the Maputo Accord for Peace and National Reconciliation in August 2019.[74] The occasion was witnessed by Namibia's President-in-Office of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Hage Geingob, the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, Former Presidents of Mozambique (Joaquim Chissano) and Tanzania (Jakaya Kikwete), the President of the Contact Group (Mirko Manzoni) and the Representative of Sant'Egidio Community (Matteo Zuppi).[75] Since the signing of the Accord, both parties have consistently implemented agreements reached leading to the deepening of decentralisation and the implementation of the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) process.[76] To date, 2,307 DDR beneficiaries (including 153 women), 44% of the total number registered as part of the DDR process, are now beginning their reintegration back into society across the country and have expressed satisfaction with the way the process is being conducted.[77]

Illegal loans

See main article: Tuna bonds. Nyusi is accused of corruption related to an illegal loans scandal (also known as "hidden debts") that caused an economic crisis in Mozambique.[78] Between 2013 and 2014, three state-owned companies – Ematum, Mozambique Asset Management (MAM), Proindicus – borrowed $622 million from Credit Suisse and $535 million from VTB, ostensibly for a project involving tuna fishing and maritime security. A total of $2.2 billion in hidden loans was uncovered in 2016, which triggered a collapse in the metical and a default on its debt.

In the legal actions in New York (20 November 2019) and London (15 January 2021), it was alleged that Nyusi was one of the numerous officials who received bribes, in his case at least 2 million dollars and 1 million dollars, respectively.[79] [80] Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique during the time of the alleged incident, stated during a hearing with attorney general Ana Sheila Marrengula on 30 September 2020 that Nyusi should be arrested to better clarify the loans because the money from the loans that went to Ematum and MAM was intended to guarantee the defense and security of the country, and Nyusi was the Minister of Defense at the time.[81] [82] [83] The independence of the judiciary in Mozambique has been questioned by experts.[84] [85]

Guebuza, who was instrumental in ensuring the selection of Nyusi as FRELIMO's candidate to allow Guebuza to retain influence after leaving office, is also listed as a defendant in the legal action in London in the context of the hidden loans.[86] [87]

Alleged extrajudicial killings

Nyusi's government has been accused of using death squads (Portuguese: esquadrões da morte) to assassinate individuals in opposition to the Mozambican government.[88] There are also reports and accusations of corpse mutilation and extrajudicial assassinations of civilians by government security forces, including the Mozambique Defence Armed Forces and the Mozambique Rapid Intervention Police.[89]

Personal life

Nyusi is a member of the Makonde ethnic community.[90] He is married to Isaura Nyusi and has four children, Jacinto, Florindo, Claudia and Angelino.[91] [92]

On 3 January 2022, it was announced Nyusi and his wife were in isolation after testing positive for COVID-19.[93]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Profile: Incumbent Minister of Defence . March 2014 . Ministério da Defesa Nacional República de Moçambique . 16 October 2014 . 1 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033156/http://www.mdn.gov.mz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41:sua-excelencia-vice-ministro-da-defesa-nacional&catid=37:mdn-geral&Itemid=2 . dead .
  2. Web site: Southern Africa: ...nyusi Takes Chair, Praises Magufuli . 18 August 2020 . 19 August 2020 . 29 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013853/https://allafrica.com/stories/202008180219.html . live .
  3. Web site: mozambique. Mozambique: Chief of international mediators welcomes agreement on Renamo's disarmament. 2021-06-15. Mozambique. en-US.
  4. Web site: Moçambique: Nyusi e Momade assinam acordo de paz na Gorongosa DW 01.08.2019. 2021-06-15. DW.COM.
  5. Web site: Government of Mozambique and opposition party Renamo sign peace agreement to end decades of fighting HD Centre. 2021-06-15.
  6. Web site: Dirigentes da Renamo encontrados mortos em Tete. 2021-02-11. VOA. 18 October 2019 . pt.
  7. Web site: Tocha. Cátia. 2019-10-30. Moçambique: CNE reconhece irregularidades nas eleições gerais. 2021-02-17. e-Global. pt-PT.
  8. Web site: 2019-12-23. Mozambique Political Process Bulletin 2019, 93: Constitutional Council OKs election. 2021-06-15. Zitamar. en-GB.
  9. Book: 2020-06-01. Evolution of multidimensional poverty in crisis-ridden Mozambique. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200720201344/https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/evolution-multidimensional-poverty-crisis-ridden-mozambique. 20 July 2020. 2020-08-28. UNU-WIDER. WIDER Working Paper. 2020. 10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2020/826-9. 9789292568269. Egger. Eva-Maria. 219544243.
  10. Web site: 2016-10-11. Mozambique: Prominent Opposition Leader Killed. 2021-02-08. Human Rights Watch. en.
  11. Web site: Prominent Mozambique rights lawyer gunned down in Maputo. 2021-02-08. The Telegraph. 6 March 2015 . en-GB.
  12. Web site: CanalMoz. Brazão Mazula ataca esquadrões da morte e "gabinete do ódio" CanalMOZ. 2020-09-10. pt-BR.
  13. Web site: Killings in Mozambique Target Lawyers, Judges Voice of America - English. 2021-02-08. www.voanews.com. en.
  14. News: 2019-10-10. Mozambique election observer killed by 'elite police' in drive-by shooting. en-GB. BBC News. 2021-02-08.
  15. Web site: CIP: Conflitos de interesse na compra de carteiras escolares pelo Estado DW 21.09.2018. 2021-02-17. DW.COM.
  16. Web site: Presidente moçambicano forneceu carteiras escolares fabricadas pela empresa da filha - ONG. 2021-02-17. www.dn.pt. pt.
  17. Shipley. Thomas. Reviewer: Matthew Jenkins . 13 December 2019. Grand corruption and the SDGs: The visible costs of Mozambique's hidden debts scandal. Transparency International. resrep20549. free.
  18. Web site: Documentos. 2021-02-16. CIP - Centro de Integridade Pública. en-US.
  19. Web site: Moçambique: Mariano Nhongo assume autoria de ataques em Sofala DW 16.03.2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200409083723/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/mo%C3%A7ambique-mariano-nhongo-assume-autoria-de-ataques-em-sofala/a-52800473. 9 April 2020. 2020-08-28. DW.COM.
  20. Web site: Centro de Moçambique volta a ser palco de ataques armados DW 11.02.2016. 2021-02-17. DW.COM.
  21. Web site: Democracy Index 2020. 2021-02-03. Economist Intelligence Unit. en-GB.
  22. Monjane. Boaventura. Bruna. Natacha. 2020-01-02. Confronting agrarian authoritarianism: dynamics of resistance to PROSAVANA in Mozambique. The Journal of Peasant Studies. 47. 1. 69–94. 10.1080/03066150.2019.1671357. 0306-6150. free. 1765/122839. 211456963.
  23. Web site: Filipe Nyussi elected Frelimo presidential candidate . 10 March 2014 . Mozambique News Agency . 16 October 2014 . 10 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140810190200/http://www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/newsletter/aim481.html#story1 . dead .
  24. News: 15 October 2014 . Backgrounder: Mozambique's three presidential candidates . . 16 October 2014 . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170103/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2014-10/15/c_133719357.htm . dead .
  25. Web site: Filipe Nyusi . 12 October 2019 . 12 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191012174058/https://www.austrianworldsummit.com/event/speaker/nyusi . dead .
  26. News: Mozambique; Train Crash Caused By Negligence . . 5 October 2002 .
  27. Encyclopedia: Africa South of the Sahara . Mozambique . 18 April 2008 . 33rd . 2003 . . 741–68 . 978-1-85743-183-4 .
  28. News: Mozambique: Guebuza Sacks Defence Minister . . 26 March 2008 . 18 April 2008 . 2 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121002222839/http://allafrica.com/stories/200803260897.html . live .
  29. Web site: List of Fellows . 20 April 2008 . Africa Leadership Initiative . TechnoServe . https://web.archive.org/web/20080402010902/http://www.africaleadership.net/fellows/mozambique.htm . 2 April 2008 . dead .
  30. News: Filipe Nyussi toma hoje posse como Ministro da Defesa . Imensis . 26 March 2008 . 20 April 2008 . pt . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722234134/http://www.imensis.co.mz/news/anmviewer.asp?a=12036 . 22 July 2011 .
  31. News: Filipe Nyussi . . 29 March 2008 .
  32. News: Mozambique: New Ministers Sworn in . . 27 March 2008 . 18 April 2008 . 2 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121002223246/http://allafrica.com/stories/200803271044.html . live .
  33. News: Mozambique defence minister axed a year after arms depot tragedy . . 26 March 2008 . 23 April 2008 .
  34. http://allafrica.com/stories/201403030022.html "Filipe Nyussi elected Frelimo candidate"
  35. Manuel Mucari, "Mozambique's Frelimo selects Guebuza loyalist as presidential candidate", Reuters, 2 March 2014.
  36. News: Mozambique's Nyusi wins landslide election victory . Financial Times . 27 October 2019 . 28 October 2019 . 28 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191028195117/https://www.ft.com/content/1f601d62-f8cc-11e9-98fd-4d6c20050229 . live . Pilling . David .
  37. Web site: SAPO. Eleições moçambicanas marcadas por "irregularidades" de fraude e intimidação, dizem EUA. 2020-08-28. SAPO Notícias. pt. 29 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013903/https://noticias.sapo.mz/actualidade/artigos/eleicoes-mocambicanas-marcadas-por-irregularidades-de-fraude-e-intimidacao-dizem-eua. live.
  38. Web site: Cabeça-de-lista do MDM por Maputo escapa ileso de atentado. 2020-08-28. VOA. 10 October 2019 . pt. 29 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013855/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/maputo-cabe%C3%A7a-de-lista-do-mdm-escapa-ileso-de-um-atentado-na-manhi%C3%A7a/5118824.html. live.
  39. Book: European Union Election Observation Mission Mozambique 2009 Final Report. General and Provincial Elections 15 October 2019. European Union. 2020.
  40. Book: Commonwealth Observer Group. Mozambique presidential, National & Provincial Assembly Elections 15 October 2019. The Commonwealth. 2020.
  41. Web site: ONG moçambicana acusa órgão eleitoral de manipulação do recenseamento DW 03.06.2019. 2020-08-28. DW.COM. 8 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190608213441/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ong-mo%C3%A7ambicana-acusa-%C3%B3rg%C3%A3o-eleitoral-de-manipula%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-recenseamento/a-49032930. live.
  42. Web site: Hanlon. cls-1 cls-2profile-placeholderBy: Joseph. Eliseeva. Illustrator: Anastasya. Analysis. 2020-08-24. Isis is not driving the Cabo Delgado war. 2020-08-28. New Frame.
  43. Web site: Governo de Moçambique não soube reagir ao alerta de desastre do Ciclone Idai. 2020-08-28. Brasil de Fato. 24 May 2019 . pt-BR. 2 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191002160302/https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2019/05/24/governo-de-mocambique-nao-soube-reagir-ao-alerta-de-desastre-do-ciclone-idai/. live.
  44. Web site: 2019-10-16. Moçambique: Após pleito marcado por denúncias de fraude, apuração pode durar 15 dias. 2020-08-28. RFI. pt-BR. 21 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200821001035/https://www.rfi.fr/br/africa/20191016-mocambique-apos-pleito-marcado-por-denuncias-de-fraudes-apuracao-pode-durar-15-dias. live.
  45. Web site: SAPO. Eleições moçambicanas marcadas por "irregularidades" de fraude e intimidação, dizem EUA. 2020-08-28. SAPO Notícias. pt. 29 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013856/https://noticias.sapo.mz/actualidade/artigos/eleicoes-mocambicanas-marcadas-por-irregularidades-de-fraude-e-intimidacao-dizem-eua. live.
  46. Web site: CNE reconhece que houve irregularidades nas eleições. 2020-08-28. opais.sapo.mz. pt. 29 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200129232908/http://opais.sapo.mz/cne-reconhece-que-houve-irregularidades-nas-eleicoes. live.
  47. Web site: 2019-10-30. Mozambique opposition files suit against "massive electoral fraud".. 2020-08-28. France 24. en. 28 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191228180950/https://www.france24.com/en/20191030-mozambique-opposition-files-suit-against-massive-electoral-fraud. live.
  48. Web site: Na Europa, Ossufo Momade busca apoio para contestar resultados das eleições moçambicanas DW 07.12.2019. 2020-08-28. DW.COM. 25 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200525174631/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/na-europa-ossufo-momade-busca-apoio-para-contestar-resultados-das-elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es-mo%C3%A7ambicanas/a-51572459. live.
  49. Web site: Gerais: Momade mostra evidências de fraude e avisa "é isto que provocou as hostilidades militares" – zambeze. 2020-08-28. pt-PT. 29 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013858/https://zambeze.info/?p=2690. live.
  50. Web site: Redacção. Ossufo pede "socorro" na Europa. 2020-08-28. Carta de Moçambique. pt-pt. 29 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013919/https://www.cartamz.com/index.php/politica/item/3868-ossufo-pede-socorro-na-europa. live.
  51. Web site: Mozambique's Nyusi Begins 2nd Term Amid Violent Challenges Voice of America - English. 2020-08-28. www.voanews.com. 15 January 2020 . en. 17 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200117082015/https://www.voanews.com/africa/mozambiques-nyusi-begins-2nd-term-amid-violent-challenges. live.
  52. Web site: Jovens moçambicanos têm que subornar agentes para ter um emprego DW 20.12.2019. 2021-02-16. DW.COM.
  53. Web site: Mozambican journalist, known for crime reporting, killed. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013933/https://apnews.com/e01c374d143140659135a0e206957d89. 29 August 2020. 2020-08-28. AP NEWS. 29 August 2015 .
  54. Web site: Jornalista do semanário Canal de Moçambique alvo de tentativa de rapto DW 31.12.2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200716102350/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/jornalista-do-seman%C3%A1rio-canal-de-mo%C3%A7ambique-alvo-de-tentativa-de-rapto/a-51846834. 16 July 2020. 2020-08-28. DW.COM.
  55. Web site: 2020-04-17. Mozambique: Journalist Feared 'Disappeared'. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722042420/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/17/mozambique-journalist-feared-disappeared. 22 July 2020. 2020-08-28. Human Rights Watch. en.
  56. Web site: Simphiwe Khumalo. Press Statement: Centre for Human Rights calls on the government of Mozambique, the African Union and United Nations to take action on the attack against Ericino de Salema - Centre for Human Rights. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013937/https://www.chr.up.ac.za/press-statements/430-press-statement-centre-for-human-rights-calls-on-the-government-of-mozambique-the-african-union-and-united-nations-to-take-action-on-the-attack-against-ericino-de-salema. 29 August 2020. 2020-08-28. www.chr.up.ac.za. 28 March 2018 . en-GB.
  57. Web site: RENAMO denuncia tentativa de atentado contra Manuel de Araújo DW 28.09.2018. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004155950/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/renamo-denuncia-tentativa-de-atentado-contra-manuel-de-ara%C3%BAjo/a-45666680. 4 October 2018. 2020-08-28. DW.COM.
  58. Web site: Cabeça-de-lista do MDM por Maputo escapa ileso de atentado. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829013855/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/maputo-cabe%C3%A7a-de-lista-do-mdm-escapa-ileso-de-um-atentado-na-manhi%C3%A7a/5118824.html. 29 August 2020. 2020-08-28. VOA. 10 October 2019 . pt.
  59. Web site: Ataque armado mata duas pessoas e fere oito em Sofala. 2020-09-20. VOA. 20 September 2020 . pt.
  60. Web site: Zimba. Sean. 2020-10-02. Renamo acusa FDS de raptar e assassinar seus membros em Sofala. 2020-10-02. Diario Interativo. pt-PT.
  61. Web site: mcahen. " Mozambique is suffering a military expression of a political problem ". 2021-02-16. LAMenparle. 2 June 2016 . fr-FR.
  62. Web site: Afonso Dhlakama sai ileso de uma nova emboscada DW 25.09.2015. 2021-02-16. DW.COM.
  63. Web site: Polícia moçambicana invade casa de Dhlakama na Beira DW 09.10.2015. 2021-02-16. DW.COM.
  64. Web site: Dhlakama escapa ileso em nova cena de tiroteio. 2021-02-16. VOA. 25 September 2015 . pt.
  65. Web site: "Até fim de março governaremos seis províncias moçambicanas", reafirma Dhlakama à DW África DW 14.03.2016. 2021-02-16. DW.COM.
  66. Web site: Dhlakama reitera que vai governar as províncias em Março. 2021-02-16. VOA. 12 February 2016 . pt.
  67. Web site: Cronologia do conflito entre a RENAMO e o Governo de Moçambique DW 11.03.2016. 2021-02-16. DW.COM.
  68. News: 2020-09-17. Mozambique's jihadists and the 'curse' of gas and rubies. en-GB. BBC News. 2021-02-16.
  69. News: 2013-10-22. 'Renamo attack' on Mozambique's Maringue police station. en-GB. BBC News. 2021-06-08.
  70. News: 2014-09-05. Mozambique rivals Dhlakama and Guebuza sign peace deal. en-GB. BBC News. 2021-06-08.
  71. Web site: Mozambique: Peace deal? DW 18.08.2016. 2021-06-08. DW.COM. en-GB.
  72. Web site: Pearce. Justin. Mozambique's unexpected truce still hangs in the balance. 2021-06-08. The Conversation. 17 January 2017 . en.
  73. Web site: Encontro entre Nyusi e Dhlakama é "passo importante" DW 07.08.2017. 2021-06-08. DW.COM.
  74. Web site: Welcoming Signing of Peace Agreement in Mozambique, Secretary-General Applauds Commitment on Both Sides to Finalizing Peace Process Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 2021-06-08. www.un.org.
  75. Web site: 2019-08-07. Third time lucky for peace in Mozambique?. 2021-06-08. The Mail & Guardian. en-ZA.
  76. Web site: Moçambique: Sob o signo da paz, DDR volta novamente à mesa de diálogo DW 05.06.2020. 2021-06-08. DW.COM.
  77. Web site: Desarmamento em Moçambique concluído até final de 2022 DW 04.06.2021. 2021-06-08. DW.COM.
  78. Book: Safa, Iskandar. Claim No. CL-2019-000127. High Court of Justice. 2021. London.
  79. Web site: CIP Centro de integridade Publica. 2019-11-20. Jean Boustani disse que Filipe Nyusi recebeu suborno de 1 milhão de dólares da Privinvest. 2021-02-16. CIP - Centro de Integridade Pública. en-US.
  80. Web site: CIP Centro de integridade Publica. 2021-02-04. Documentos do processo das dívidas ocultas em Londres (CL-2019-000127). 2021-02-16. CIP - Centro de Integridade Pública. en-US.
  81. Web site: Expressomz. 2020-10-13. Guebuza sugere prender Nyusi para melhores esclarecimentos das dívidas. 2020-10-19. Expresso Moz. pt-BR. 20 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201020142157/https://www.expressomz.com/2020/10/13/guebuza-sugere-prender-nyusi-para-melhores-esclarecimentos-das-dividas/. dead.
  82. Web site: 2020-10-14. Tribunal decreta dissolução de empresas na base das 'dívidas ocultas'. 2020-10-19. Notícias ao Minuto. pt.
  83. Web site: Tribunal de Maputo dissolve duas empresas envolvidas no caso "dívidas ocultas". 2020-10-19. VOA. 15 October 2020 . pt.
  84. Book: 2020-09-08. Rule of law and judicial independence. 2021-02-16. UNU-WIDER. WIDER Working Paper. 2020. 10.35188/unu-wider/2020/891-7. 9789292568917. 226427569.
  85. Web site: 2010-12-10. UN expert calls on Mozambique to enhance independence of judiciary. 2021-02-16. UN News. en.
  86. Web site: Dívidas ocultas: Guebuza poderá depor em Londres DW 24.08.2020. 2020-08-31. DW.COM.
  87. Web site: Sean. 2020-08-24. Dívidas ocultas: Armando Guebuza arrolado, como réu, pelo tribunal de Londres. 2020-08-31. Diário Interativo de Moçambique. pt-PT.
  88. Web site: 2020-09-03. Alegados esquadrões de morte "mancham democracia moçambicana". 2020-09-10. Notícias ao Minuto. pt.
  89. Web site: Mozambique: Torture by security forces in gruesome videos must be investigated. 2020-09-10. www.amnesty.org. 9 September 2020 . en.
  90. News: Johnson . Phyllis . 6 March 2014 . Mozambique Defence Minister Filipe Nyussi is Frelimo candidate for president . . 16 October 2014 . 5 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150705043648/http://www.herald.co.zw/mozambique-defence-minister-filipe-nyussi-is-frelimo-candidate-for-president/ . live .
  91. News: 15 October 2014 . Filipe Nyusi: Mozambique's 'worker bee' tipped for presidency . . 16 October 2014 . 5 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160756/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014-10-15-filipe-nyusi-mozambiques-worker-bee-tipped-for-presidency/ . live .
  92. Web site: Mozambique general elections photo preview . 15 October 2014 . epa.eu . 16 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175213/http://www.epa.eu/politics-photos/election-elections-photos/mozambique-general-elections-photos-51618647 . 3 March 2016 . dead .
  93. Web site: 2022-01-04. Mozambique President, First Lady isolated after testing positive for Covid-19. 2022-01-04. The East African. en.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Filipe Nyusi".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.