Fidalgo ophiolite explained
| Fidalgo Complex |
| Type: | primarily igneous, but also volcanic and sedimentary; variably metamorphosed at low grade |
| Age: | Jurassic |
| Prilithology: | peridotite (incl. serpentinite), gabbro, diorite, plagiogranite, keratophyre, spilite |
| Otherlithology: | greywacke, argillite, chert |
| Namedfor: | Fidalgo Island, Washington |
| Namedby: | Edwin (Ned) Brown.[1] |
| Region: | San Juan Islands, northwest Washington |
| Country: | United States |
| Unitof: | Northwest Cascades Thrust System; Haystack nappe |
| Overlies: | Easton nappe |
The Fidalgo ophiolite or Fidalgo complex is a Jurassic-aged ophiolite sequence located in the San Juan Islands of northwest Washington.[2] The ophiolite complex is a metamorphosed and disrupted ophiolite sequence that contains serpentinized peridotite, layered gabbro, diorite, and plagiogranite, and an overlying sequence of volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
Geologic history
The Fidalgo ophiolite is one of several Jurassic ophiolite complexes that occur along the western margin of North America, such as the Coast Range ophiolite. The Fidalgo ophiolite occurs within the Haystack nappe of the Northwest Cascades thrust system and structurally overlies the Easton nappe. The Fidalgo is interpreted to have formed in an island arc setting during the Middle to Late Jurassic based on the chemistry of igneous rocks within the complex and K-Ar and U-Pb ages of plagiogranite and gabbro[3]
Description
The Fidalgo ophiolite can be broadly divided into an ultramafic section, mafic to intermediate intrusive rocks, and a volcanic and sedimentary cover sequence. The ultramafic section is best exposed in Washington Park, west of Anacortes, Washington, and consists of serpentinized harzburgite and dunite with crosscutting veins of pyroxenite. Intrusive rocks of the Fidalgo ophiolite are exposed in the Anacortes Community Forest Lands, along Marine Dr and Anaco Beach Rd., and at Mt. Erie.[4] Within the intrusive suite, layered gabbro and pyroxenite occur structurally above the ultramafic section and are cut by dikes that vary in composition from hornblende gabbro to diorite and plagiogranite.[5] The sedimentary sequence consists of volcanic keratophyre and spilite interbedded with greywacke and argillite.[6] Fossil radiolaria in the argillite constrain the age of the sediment to Kimmeridgian through Early Tithonian
References
- ((Brown, E. H.)) . North American ophiolites: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Bulletin . Ophiolite on Fidalgo Island, Washington . 95 . 67–74 . 1977.
- ((Brown, E. H.)), ((Bradshaw, J. Y.)), ((Mustoe, G. E.)) . GSA Bulletin . Plagiogranite and keratophyre in ophiolite on Fidalgo Island, Washington . 90 . 5 . 493–507 . 1 May 1979 . 10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<493:PAKIOO>2.0.CO;2.
- ((Brown, E. H.)) . ((Mahoney, J. B.)) . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences . Obducted nappe sequence in the San Juan Islands – northwest Cascades thrust system, Washington and British Columbia . 49 . 7 . 796–817 . July 2012 . 10.1139/e2012-026.
- ((Gusey, D.)) . WWU Graduate School Collection . The Geology of Southwestern Fidalgo Island . 1978 .
- ((Gusey, Daryl)), ((Brown, E. H.)) . Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America: Decade of North American Geology, Centennial Field Guide Volume 1 . The Fidalgo ophiolite, Washington . 1 . 389 . Geological Society of America . 1987.
- ((Whetten, J. T.)), ((Zartman, R. E.)), ((Blakely, R. J.)), ((Jones, D. L.)) . Geological Society of America Bulletin . Allochthonous Jurassic ophiolite in northwest Washington . 91 . 6 . 359–368 . 1980.
Notes and References
- Brown, E.H., 1977, Ophiolite on Fidalgo Island, Washington: in Coleman, R.G., and Irwin, W.P., eds., North American ophiolites: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Bulletin 95, p. 67-74.
- Whetten, J.T., Zartman, R.E., Blakely, R.J., and Jones, D.L., 1980, Allochthonous Jurassic ophiolite in northwest Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 91, p. 359–368.
- Brown, E.H., 2012, Obducted nappe sequence in the San Juan Islands – northwest Cascades thrust system, Washington and British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 49, p. 796–817, doi:10.1139/e2012-026.
- Gusey, D and Brown, E.H, 1987, The Fidalgo ophiolite, Washington: Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America: Decade of North American Geology, Centennial Field Guide, v. 1, p. 389-392.
- Brown, E.H., Bradshaw, J.Y., and Mustoe, G.E., 1979, Plagiogranite and keratophyre in ophiolite on Fidalgo Island, Washington: GSA Bulletin, v. 90, p. 493–507, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<493:PAKIOO>2.0.CO;2.
- Gusey, D., 1978, The Geology of Southwestern Fidalgo Island: WWU Graduate School Collection, https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/831
