| Ferrari 456 Ferrari 456M | |
| Manufacturer: | Ferrari |
| Production: | July 16 1992–1997 (456) 16 July 1998–2003 (456M) 3,289 produced[1] |
| Designer: | Pietro Camardella[2] under Lorenzo Ramaciotti at Pininfarina[3] |
| Class: | Grand tourer (S) |
| Related: | Ferrari 550 |
| Body Style: | 2-door 2+2 coupé |
| Layout: | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Transmission: | 6-speed manual 4-speed automatic |
| Wheelbase: | 26001NaN1 |
| Length: | 47301NaN1 47631NaN1 (456M) |
| Width: | 19201NaN1 |
| Height: | 13001NaN1 |
| Weight: | 1690– (dry) |
| Predecessor: | Ferrari 412 |
| Successor: | Ferrari 612 Scaglietti |
| Sp: | uk |
The Ferrari 456 and 456M (Type F116) are front-engine grand tourers which were produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 1992 to 2003. The 456 succeeded the front-engine 412 as the company's V12-powered four-seater. The updated 456M, which was the last Ferrari model to use pop-up headlamps, was replaced in 2004 by the 612 Scaglietti.
Introduced in October 1993, the 456 was designed by Pietro Camardella at Pininfarina. The designer took heavy inspiration from the 365 GTB Daytona when designing the car.[4] It was available in GT and (from 1996) GTA trims. The former has a six-speed manual, and the latter has a four-speed automatic developed in partnership with FF Developments, in Livonia,_Michigan (which was later purchased by Ricardo Engineering in the UK.) The automatic transmission used in the 456 was the second and last conventional hydraulic automatic transmission with a torque converter to be offered by Ferrari (The transmission found its first use in the 400/412 series). The 65° V12 engine was derived from the Dino V6 rather than the more conventional 60° V12s used in the 412 and Daytona. It is rated at, with 4 valves per cylinder and Bosch Motronic M2.7 engine management. Ferrari claims it could push the car to a top speed of, making it, at the time, the world's second fastest production four-seater automobile behind the Porsche 959.[5] Acceleration from 0-97km/h takes 4.8 seconds, with a 13.3 second quarter-mile time (400 m). At the time of its development, the 456 was the most powerful regular production road car ever developed by Ferrari. In 1996, the engine management system was changed to a Motronic M5.2 management and the engine with the updated system was given the F116C code.
The name 456 is derived from the fact that each cylinder displaces 456 cubic centimeters. This was the last Ferrari to use this naming convention until the 488 GTB. Despite its exceptional performance, the 456 has a relatively unstressed engine, which has proven to be a very reliable unit. A further developed version of this engine was used in the front-engine 550 Maranello grand tourer introduced in 1996, which became the most powerful naturally aspirated Ferrari production car aside from the 456.
The chassis is a tubular steel space-frame construction with a one-piece composite bonnet and body panels made from aluminium. The body panels are welded to the chassis via a special "sandwich filler" called feran that, when laid between, allows steel and aluminium to be welded. Pininfarina was responsible for the bodywork of the 456 until 1996 when production was moved to Ferrari. The total number of 456 bodies made by Pininfarina amounts up to 1,435.[6]
The 456M (M standing for Modificata) was unveiled in March 1998 at the Geneva Motor Show. Many changes were made to improve aerodynamics and cooling and the interior - still featuring Connolly Leather - was refreshed with new seats and other conveniences (three gauges on the dash instead of five, a new Becker stereo fitted in front of the shifter rather than behind as in the very shallow and special Sony head unit in the 456 GT and a revised real parcel shelf now featuring an integrated high level brake light). The intake ducts present on the bonnet on the original 456 were removed for a cleaner appearance and the size of the combined side markers/indicator lights was reduced. The brake ducts present on the apron of the original 456 were removed in favour of a larger intake located at the front of the car. The front suspension geometry now consisted of modified control arms to reduce dive under heavy braking and larger, 330 mm brake discs from the 550 Maranello were used at the front. At the rear of the car, a new bumper with a reshaped license plate housing was added along with a fixed undercarriage spoiler (the older 456 had a motorised spoiler that began its deployment above 105km/h). This worked in conjunction with a new panel manufactured from fiberglass and PVC. The aerodynamic improvements to the 456M resulted in the car being longer than the 456.[7]
The bonnet was the first commercial application of carbon fibre, the previous being made of a composite material. Power output remained unchanged on the Modificata using Bosch Motronic M5.2 engine management at 4420NaN0; the cylinder firing order was changed for smoother running and the torque remained the same for later versions of the 456 GT.[8]
The 456 Bicolore Scaglietti was launched at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show. The show car present at the stand was commissioned by then Ferrari F1 racing driver Michael Schumacher. Customers could work with the Carrozzeria Scaglietti personalisation programme to create a highly individual car. The car has a two-colour paint scheme with the roof, exterior mirrors and wheels painted Canna Di Fusile (Gunmetal Grey) whilst the rest of the body was painted Grigio Nuvolari. The car also featured a custom grey leather interior with red stitching featuring a plaque containing Schumacher's signature and Formula 1 racing championship years, power adjustable seats with position memory settings, dual zone climate control, reworked gauges with a speedometer, an uprated handling pack, and cross-drilled Brembo brakes. Cars equipped with an automatic transmission would be thus designated as a Tipo 456M GT(A) Scaglietti. The car is also known as the 456M GT "Schumacher Edition" as Schumacher was the first to commission the car. A total of 30 cars were produced, with only 10 being made with the 6-speed manual transmission.[9] [10]
The total production of the 456 amounted to 3,289 units. These consisted of the following versions:
456: 1,951
456M: 1,338
According to manufacturer estimates, the 456 GT can attain a top speed of and can accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.2 seconds.[11] The GTA can attain the same acceleration at 5.5 seconds.[12] The Modificata models had the same performance statistics as their respective predecessors.
Car & Driver magazine test results for 1995 456 GT were:[13]
Road & Track magazine test results for the 1995 456 GT were:[14]
Road & Track magazine test results for the 1997 456 GTA were:
Motor Trend magazine's test results for the 1997 456 GTA were:[15]
While the 456 2+2 coupé was the only version offered to the general public, five other bodystyles were made on special request of specific customers:
The 5.5 L V12 engine used in the 456 won the "over 4-litre" class of the International Engine of the Year award for 2000 and 2001.