Feron parmula explained

Feron parmula, also known as the disc gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the genus Feron.^{[1] [2]} It induces galls in a wide selection of oak species, especially white oaks, and including hybrids.^[3] The galls are disc-shaped, up to 3 mm in diameter, and pale with red streaking. Adult females emerge in April.^[4] The galls induced by F. parmula superficially resemble the galls of Feron gigas, Andricus viscidus, and newly identified species called the "plate gall wasp" and the "orange-cap gall wasp" by Ronald Russo. Galls induced by this wasp have been documented in Oregon and California on the Pacific coast of North America.^[5]

External links

• Andricus parmula on gallformers

Notes and References

1. Web site: Species Andricus parmula - Disc Gall Wasp . 2022-09-08 . bugguide.net.
2. Cuesta-Porta . Victor . Melika . George . Nicholls . James A. . Stone . Graham N. . Pujade-Villar . Juli . 2023-11-07 . Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species . Zootaxa . 5366 . 1 . 1–174 . 10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1 . 38220731 . 1175-5334. 20.500.11820/8d7cf66b-8011-4572-b520-b8f5d78deae2 . 265191343 . free .
3. Pearse . Ian S. . Baty . Jill H. . 2012 . The predictability of traits and ecological interactions on 17 different crosses of hybrid oaks . Oecologia . 169 . 2 . 489–497 . 10.1007/s00442-011-2216-5 . 41500048 . 22159813 . 2012Oecol.169..489P . 6462086 . 0029-8549.
4. Book: Russo, Ronald A. . Plant galls of the Western United States . 2021 . . 978-0-691-21340-8 . Princeton, New Jersey . 112, 113, 129, 187, 290 . en . 1239984577.
5. Web site: Disc Gall Wasp (Andricus parmula) . 2023-10-26 . iNaturalist . en-US.