Ferguson, Missouri Explained

Ferguson, Missouri
Type:City
Official Name:City of Ferguson
Etymology:William B. Ferguson
Nickname:"Community of Choice"
Motto:"Proud Past. Promising Future!"
Image Alt:A montage of buildings
Mapsize:255px
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Missouri
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:St. Louis
Population Demonym:Fergusonian[1]
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Ella Jones (D)
Leader Title1:D)
Established Title:Incorporated
Established Date:1894
Area Footnotes:[2]
Area Total Sq Mi:6.18
Area Land Sq Mi:6.17
Area Water Sq Mi:0.01
Area Total Km2:16.00
Area Land Km2:15.98
Area Water Km2:0.02
Unit Pref:Imperial
Elevation Ft:554
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:18527
Population Density Sq Mi:3003.24
Population Density Km2:1159.55
Timezone:Central (CST)
Utc Offset:-6
Timezone Dst:CDT
Utc Offset Dst:-5
Postal Code Type:ZIP Code
Postal Code:63135
Area Code Type:Area code
Area Code:314
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:29-23986
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:2394760
Website:City of Ferguson

Ferguson is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. It is part of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. Per the 2020 census, the population was 18,527, and predominantly black.[3]

History

What is now the city of Ferguson was founded in 1855, when William B. Ferguson deeded of land to the Wabash Railroad in exchange for a new depot and naming rights.[4] [5] The settlement that sprang up around the depot was called Ferguson Station. Ferguson was the first railroad station connected directly to St. Louis.[6] The station is a focal point of the city's history and is depicted on the city flag, designed in 1994.[7] [8]

Ferguson's first schoolhouse was built in 1878. Ferguson was incorporated as a city in 1894.[9]

Emerson Electric moved its headquarters to Ferguson during the 20th century.[10]

Ferguson made frequent worldwide headlines for months following the 2014 killing of Michael Brown Jr. by a police officer and the ensuing civil unrest. The United States Department of Justice investigation which followed resulted in large legal fees for the town, in excess of $300,000 a year. The investigation determined that the shooting was justified.

Ferguson elected its first black and first female mayor, Ella Jones, on June 2, 2020.[11]

Demographics

The population of Ferguson grew rapidly during the late nineteenth century. In 1880 the population of the then Ferguson Station was 185 people. By 1890 the population was recorded as being 750 and only four years later it had increased to 1200.[12]

The population of Ferguson continued to grow rapidly during the first six decades of the twentieth century, from 1,015 people in 1900 to 22,149 people in 1960, an average growth rate of 5% per year.

The ethnic composition of Ferguson has shifted, however. In 1970, in keeping with it being a sundown town, 99% of the population of Ferguson was white and 1% black. In 1980, the proportion of white residents went down to 85%, whereas the proportion of black residents rose to 14%. In 1990, residents of Ferguson who were identified in the U.S. Census as white comprised 73.8% of the total, while those identified as black made up 25.1%.[13] The remainder, 1.1%, identified with other racial categories. In the 2000 U.S. Census, the city shifted to majority African American at 52.4% of the population[14] (52.30% non-Hispanic African American).

2020 census

Ferguson city, Missouri – Racial and ethnic composition
!Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)!Pop 2000[15] !Pop 2010[16] ![17] !% 2000!% 2010!
White alone (NH)9,9036,093style='background: #ffffe6; 3,92644.20%28.74%style='background: #ffffe6; 21.19%
Black or African American alone (NH)11,71814,252style='background: #ffffe6; 13,30252.30%67.22%style='background: #ffffe6; 71.80%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)2378style='background: #ffffe6; 290.10%0.37%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.16%
Asian alone (NH)150102style='background: #ffffe6; 960.67%0.48%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.52%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)44style='background: #ffffe6; 80.02%0.02%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH)2925style='background: #ffffe6; 1140.13%0.12%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.62%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)351389style='background: #ffffe6; 6851.57%1.83%style='background: #ffffe6; 3.70%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)228260style='background: #ffffe6; 3671.02%1.23%style='background: #ffffe6; 1.98%
Total22,40621,203style='background: #ffffe6; 18,527100.00%100.00%style='background: #ffffe6; 100.00%

The 2020 United States census[18] counted 18,527 people, 8,844 households, and 5,272 families in Ferguson. The population density was 3,002.8 per square mile (1,159.4/km). There were 10,079 housing units at an average density of 1,633.5 per square mile (630.7/km). The racial makeup was 21.4% (3,965) white, 72.15% (13,367) black or African-American, 0.24% (45) Native American, 0.53% (99) Asian, 0.05% (9) Pacific Islander, 1.31% (243) from other races, and 4.31% (799) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.5% (316) of the population.

Of the 8,844 households, 25.7% had children under the age of 18; 23.9% were married couples living together; 50.2% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 36.4% consisted of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.0.

29.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 76.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 68.6 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey[19] estimates show that the median household income was $37,376 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,435) and the median family income was $44,123 (+/- $8,219). Males had a median income of $29,652 (+/- $2,440) versus $27,351 (+/- $3,102) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $28,414 (+/- $2,545). Approximately, 21.4% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.2% of those under the age of 18 and 8.1% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 Census

As of the 2010 U.S. Census,[20] there were 21,203 people, 8,192 households, and 5,500 families residing in the city. The population density was 3425.4PD/sqmi. There were 9,105 housing units at an average density of 1470.9/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 67.4% black, 29.3% white, 0.5% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 8,192 households, of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.6% were married couples living together, 31.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12.

The median age in the city was 33.1 years. 28.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 10.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.8% male and 55.2% female.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2sqmi, of which 6.19sqmi is land and 0.01sqmi is water.[21]

Climate

Ferguson has a humid subtropical-continental climate. Winters are cold, while summers are hot and humid. The record high is 115 °F, and the record low is −19 °F.

Economy

The city is home to the headquarters of Emerson Electric.[22] [23]

Government

The Mayor of Ferguson is directly elected for a three-year term.[24] The Fergusoncity council is composed of six members.

James Knowles III was elected mayor for a three-year term in April 2011 and ran unopposed in April 2014. Voter turnout in the April 2014 mayoral election was approximately 12%.[25] [26] In June 2020, Ella Jones (D) became the first African American and first woman to be elected mayor of Ferguson.[27]

The Ferguson Police Department is involved with the following public programs: Business Watch, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), D.A.R.E. Program, Neighborhood Watch, School Resource Officers, and Riot Patrol.[25]

Ferguson also operates a two-station fire department with a complement of 18 full-time firefighters as well as nine senior management officials.[28] The fire stations operate 24 hours a day.[28]

Ferguson Police Department

On March 4, 2015, the Ferguson Police Department was criticized by the United States Department of Justice for civil rights violations. The Department of Justice argued that the Ferguson Police Department and the City of Ferguson relied on unconstitutional practices in order to balance the city's budget through racially motivated excessive fines and punishments.[29]

On March 11, 2015, Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson stated he was willing to resign, likely later that day (though no timeframe was confirmed) if he could get assurances that the Ferguson Police Department would be left in place and would not be dissolved; Fox News said he was not pushed out or fired. His resignation followed City Manager John Shaw who resigned March 10, and Municipal Judge Ronald Brockmeyer, who resigned March 9. Shaw had ultimate oversight over the Police Department and other city departments and was the most powerful civic official in Ferguson. He faced criticism for not doing enough to ameliorate the situation. The week before, three Ferguson Police Department employees were fired for offensive emails mentioned in the Justice Department report.[30]

Michael Brown shooting

On August 9, 2014, an 18-year-old man, Michael Brown, was fatally shot by Darren Wilson with the Ferguson Police Department after an encounter with the officer that led to an altercation and subsequent pursuit.[31] [32] The incident sparked riots and acts of vandalism in Ferguson as well as widespread calls for an investigation into the incident.[33] On August 10, after a day of vigils, there were looting of businesses, arson, vandalism of vehicles, shots fired at firemen and violent clashes between rioters and police.[34] [35] [36] On August 18, reservists from the Missouri National Guard arrived in Ferguson at the request of the Governor of Missouri Jay Nixon, who also ended midnight to 5:00 a.m. curfews that had been imposed.[37] On November 24, a grand jury decided that it would not indict Wilson in the shooting death of Brown.[38] Following the announcement of the grand jury's decision, there was more rioting.[39]

Education

St. Louis Community College-Florissant Valley, which has about 8,000 students, is located in Ferguson.

Much of the community is within the Ferguson-Florissant School District (FFSD).[40] Primary schools (grades K-2) serving sections of Ferguson include Central, Bermuda, Holman, and Walnut Grove. Intermediate schools (grade 3-5) serving sections of Ferguson include Lee-Hamilton, Griffith, and Berkeley. Zoned secondary schools with attendance boundaries that coincide with Ferguson include Johnson-Wabash 6th Grade Center, Ferguson Middle School, and McCluer High School.[41] A portion of Ferguson is instead in the Riverview Gardens School District,[42] and another is in the Hazelwood School District.[43]

The following FFSD public schools are located within the city of Ferguson:

Vogt Elementary School closed in 2019.[44]

The following private schools are located within the city of Ferguson:

Ferguson is also home to the Challenger Learning Center – St. Louis, which provides a space education program.

The Ferguson Municipal Public Library is one of several independent community libraries in St. Louis County and is a member of the Municipal Library Consortium of St. Louis County.

Notable people

This list may include persons born in the community, past residents, and current residents.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Trigger and the Choice: Part 2 . . August 8, 2019 . August 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190808170859/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2017/politics/state/ferguson-police-shooting/ . live .
  2. Web site: ArcGIS REST Services Directory . United States Census Bureau . August 28, 2022 . January 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119173812/https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer . live .
  3. Web site: Ferguson city, Missouri . . April 15, 2022 . April 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220429163033/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2923986 . live .
  4. Book: Fox, Tim . Where We Live: A Guide to St. Louis Communities . 1995 . Missouri History Museum . 978-1-883982-12-6 . 186 .
  5. Book: Bryan . William Smith . Rose . Robert . Elwang . William Wilson . A History of the Pioneer Families of Missouri: With Numerous Sketches, Anecdotes, Adventures, Etc., Relating to Early Days in Missouri. Also the Lives of Daniel Boone and the Celebrated Indian Chief Black Hawk, with Numerous Biographies and Histories of Primitive Institutions . 1876 . Lucas brothers . 167 .
  6. Book: Montesi . Al . Deposki . Richard . St. Louis Union Station . 2002 . Arcadia Publishing . 978-0-7385-1983-8 . 9 .
  7. Web site: Oh, so proudly we hail . Mary . Shapiro . stltoday.com . March 16, 2010 . February 20, 2020 . August 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210809133638/https://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/metro/article_2586c067-0509-52a4-b0c9-34fd746961b5.html . live .
  8. Web site: Ferguson, Missouri (U.S.) . crwflags.com . March 10, 2015 . April 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112150/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mofer.html . live .
  9. Web site: Ferguson Missouri . AboutStLouis.com . August 13, 2014 . August 14, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140814014531/http://aboutstlouis.com/local/communities/ferguson-missouri . live .
  10. Web site: City History . The city boomed during the post-World War II era. Commuter trains were replaced by automobile traffic. Plentiful employment was provided by new industries, including the relocated headquarters of Emerson Electric Company. Scores of new homes were built and the city's population continued to expand. In 1954, Ferguson became a charter city, one of the first in St. Louis County to adopt the council-manager form of government. . City of Ferguson . November 25, 2014 . August 15, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140815015618/http://www.fergusoncity.com/141/City-History . live .
  11. Web site: US: Ferguson, Missouri elects first Black mayor . www.aljazeera.com . June 3, 2020 . June 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603180431/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/ferguson-missouri-elects-black-mayor-200603134608553.html . live .
  12. Book: American Educational History Journal . 9781593117689 . Null . J. . June 2007 . Information Age Publishing, Incorporated . November 27, 2020 . August 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240809035705/https://books.google.com/books?id=n_eEVfDG44kC&q=%22Ferguson+Station%22+Missouri&pg=PA281 . live .
  13. Web site: Bureau of Census, 1990 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics, Missouri . https://web.archive.org/web/20030318231514/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp1/cp-1-27.pdf . dead . March 18, 2003 . 56 . Census.gov . December 1, 2014 .
  14. Web site: Daniel Fowler . With Racial Segregation Declining Between Neighborhoods, Segregation Now Taking New Form . https://web.archive.org/web/20150806215839/http://www.asanet.org/documents/press/pdfs/ASR_August_2015_Lichter_News_Release.pdf . August 6, 2015 . live . asanet.org . American Sociological Association . August 4, 2015 . News release . July 28, 2015 . The racial composition of Ferguson went from about 25 percent black to 67 percent black in a 20 year period. .
  15. Web site: P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Ferguson city, Missouri . United States Census Bureau . January 26, 2024 . February 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240222135128/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=1600000US2923986 . live .
  16. Web site: P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Ferguson city, Missouri . . April 29, 2022 . July 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220702194749/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2923986&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 . live .
  17. Web site: P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Ferguson city, Missouri . . April 29, 2022 . April 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220429162904/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2923986&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 . live .
  18. Web site: Explore Census Data . December 17, 2023 . data.census.gov . July 11, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190711010429/http://data.census.gov/ . live .
  19. Web site: Explore Census Data . December 17, 2023 . data.census.gov . July 11, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190711010429/http://data.census.gov/ . live .
  20. Web site: U.S. Census website . . July 8, 2012 . July 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ . live .
  21. Web site: US Gazetteer files 2010 . . July 8, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt . July 2, 2012 .
  22. News: A closer look at Ferguson, Missouri, the St. Louis suburb where Michael Brown was killed . November 25, 2014 . Associated Press . Fox News . November 24, 2014 . November 28, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141128183850/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/24/closer-look-at-ferguson-missouri-st-louis-suburb-where-michael-brown-was-killed/ . live .
  23. Snyder . Benjamin . Amid unrest, it's business as usual for Ferguson's Emerson Electric . November 25, 2014 . Fortune . August 18, 2014 . December 2, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141202033329/http://fortune.com/2014/08/18/ferguson-emerson-electric/ . live .
  24. News: Shannon . Howard . Election Day brings new leadership to NoCo . . April 6, 2014 . August 19, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140820105140/http://nocostl.com/2011/04/election-day-brings-new-leadership-to-noco/ . August 20, 2014 . dead .
  25. News: Tanzina . Vega . Tanzina Vega . Deep Tensions Rise to Surface After Ferguson Shooting . . August 14, 2014 . August 19, 2014 . August 18, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140818205109/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/us/ferguson-mo-complex-racial-history-runs-deep-most-tensions-have-to-do-police-force.html?_r=0 . live .
  26. Web site: St. Louis County Election Results April 2014 . stlouisco.com . September 15, 2014 . September 22, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140922170237/http://www.stlouisco.com/portals/8/docs/document%20library/elections/eresults/el140408/M031.HTM . live .
  27. Web site: Ferguson picks Ella Jones as first African American and first woman mayor . June 3, 2020 . June 3, 2020 . June 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603032832/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/ella-jones-becomes-the-first-african-american-and-first-woman-elected-mayor-of-ferguson/article_4fcddeed-9586-571c-b88a-bbcae3c71f70.html . live .
  28. Web site: Fire Department - Ferguson, MO - Official Website . www.fergusoncity.com . April 1, 2018 . August 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240809035705/https://www.fergusoncity.com/90/Fire-Department . live .
  29. News: Apuzzo . Matt . Ferguson Police Routinely Violate Rights of Blacks, Justice Dept. Finds . March 4, 2015 . The New York Times . March 3, 2015 . March 3, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150303220058/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/justice-department-finds-pattern-of-police-bias-and-excessive-force-in-ferguson.html . live .
  30. Web site: Ferguson police chief resigns after scathing Justice Dept. report . msn.com . February 20, 2020 . August 10, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171404/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/ferguson-police-chief-to-resign-later-wednesday-fox-news/ar-AA9Ejh4 . live .
  31. News: Ferguson Chief Names Darren Wilson as Cop Who Shot Michael Brown . NBCNews.com . August 15, 2014 . August 15, 2014 . August 15, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140815143649/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-chief-names-darren-wilson-cop-who-shot-michael-brown-n181326 . live .
  32. News: Ferguson police call Michael Brown a robbery suspect, identify Darren Wilson as officer who shot him . August 15, 2014 . August 15, 2014 . Berman, Mark . Lowery, Wesley . August 25, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140825143006/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-releasing-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ . live .
  33. Web site: Outrage in Ferguson after police shooting of unarmed man Michael Brown . Lind . Dara . August 12, 2014 . . August 12, 2014 . August 12, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210251/http://www.vox.com/2014/8/11/5988925/mike-brown-killing-shooting-case-ferguson-police-riots-st-louis . live .
  34. News: John . Yang . . Looting Erupts After Vigil for Slain Missouri Teen Michael Brown . August 10, 2014 . August 11, 2014 . May 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190514134306/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/looting-erupts-after-vigil-slain-missouri-teen-michael-brown-n177426 . live .
  35. News: Rioters fill streets after Michael Brown shooting . Fantz . Ashley . George . Howell . August 11, 2014 . CNN . August 11, 2014 . August 17, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140817214122/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-teen-shooting/ . live .
  36. Web site: . Scher Zagier . Alan . Police, rioters again clash outside St. Louis . Star-telegram.com (Ft. Worth) . August 12, 2014 . August 12, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205022/http://www.star-telegram.com/2014/08/11/6033344/vandalism-looting-after-vigil.html . live .
  37. News: Davey . Monica . Eligon . John . Blinder . Alan . National Guard Troops Fail to Quell Unrest in Ferguson . . August 19, 2014 . August 19, 2014 . In a news conference on Monday, family members and Dr. Baden said that the autopsy he had performed confirmed witness accounts that Mr. Brown was trying to surrender (later debunked) when he was killed. . August 19, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819234813/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/us/ferguson-missouri-protests.html?_r=0 . live .
  38. News: Alcindor . Yamiche . Welch . William M. . No indictment in Ferguson case . USA Today . November 24, 2014 . November 24, 2014 .
  39. Web site: Ferguson: Fires and chaos erupts after no indictment - CNN.com . Moni Basu, Holly Yan and Dana Ford, CNN . November 24, 2014 . CNN . November 25, 2014 .
  40. Web site: City Map . City of Ferguson . November 10, 2019 . October 26, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191026222011/http://www.fergusoncity.com/DocumentCenter/View/2033/CITY-OF-FERGUSON-MAP?bidId= . live . - Compare this map against school attendance maps.
  41. Web site: Restructuring Information . . November 10, 2019 . November 10, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191110123152/https://www.fergflor.org/strong . live . - Includes school attendance maps of FFSD schools.
  42. Web site: Map . . November 10, 2019 . October 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191022145647/http://www.rgsd.k12.mo.us/Default.asp?DivisionID=7750&DepartmentID=8406 . dead. - Indicates sections of Ferguson in the district.
  43. Web site: Fast Facts . . November 10, 2019 . November 10, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191110134154/https://www.hazelwoodschools.org/domain/2346 . live .
  44. Web site: Benchaabane, Nassim . Ferguson-Florissant picks redistricting plan; McCluer South-Berkeley will be special academy, Vogt Elementary to close . . October 11, 2018 . November 10, 2019 . November 10, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191110102519/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/ferguson-florissant-picks-redistricting-plan-mccluer-south-berkeley-will-be/article_1556cff9-9e3b-575b-b750-54d0b41c2f6d.html . live .
  45. News: Harry . Levins . Air Force General, a Missourian, may be in line to become next Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . Lee Enterprises . A3 . April 3, 2001 . He is Gen. Ralph E. 'Ed' Eberhart, a native of Nevada, Mo., who grew up in Ferguson and graduated from McCluer in 1964. . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085010/http://business.highbeam.com/435553/article-1G1-72678746/air-force-general-missourian-may-line-become-next-chairman . dead . August 19, 2014 .
  46. News: This Is Ferguson: Residents And Business Owners Tell Us About Their City . Leonard . Mary Delach . August 15, 2014 . St Louis Public Radio . March 12, 2015 . December 23, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141223030929/http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/ferguson-residents-and-business-owners-tell-us-about-their-city . live .
  47. Web site: Sentoryu from Sen-to-Ru-I-Su Our Town's Henry Miller Is a Really Big Man as Sumo Wrestler in Japan . Lefton . Brad . June 17, 1997 . St Louis Post-Dispatch (MO) . January 30, 2015 . October 16, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181016203259/https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1P2-33073164/sentoryu-from-sen-to-ru-i-su-our-town-s-henry-miller . live .
  48. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/05/09/us/ap-us-killings-by-police-ferguson-the-latest.html New Ferguson Police Chief Sworn In
  49. News: Michael McDonald one of several Ferguson honorees . Johnson . Kevin C. . July 23, 2010 . St. Louis Post Dispatch . March 12, 2015 . August 17, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120817182723/http://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/music/kevin-johnson/michael-mcdonald-one-of-several-ferguson-honorees/article_c47071b8-95e8-11df-a15e-0017a4a78c22.html . live .
  50. News: Nagus . Chris . Catrina McGhaw: St. Louis woman finds out on TV she's renting serial killer Maury Travis' home . September 18, 2014 . . July 9, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141026024801/http://www.wptv.com/news/national/catrina-mcghaw-st-louis-woman-finds-out-on-tv-shes-renting-serial-killer-maury-travis-home . October 26, 2014 .
  51. Heintjes . Tom . August 12, 2013 . When the Bungles Mixed It Up with Their Neighbors on the Battlegrounds of Sunken Heights . . 13 . March 12, 2015 . February 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150206071743/http://cartoonician.com/when-the-bungles-mixed-it-up-with-their-neighbors-on-the-battlegrounds-of-sunken-heights/ . dead .
  52. Web site: MUTIGERS.COM Tyron Woodley Bio – Official Athletic Site Official Athletic Site – Wrestling . Mutigers.com . December 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141206121150/http://www.mutigers.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/woodley_tyron00.html . December 6, 2014 . dead .

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