| Official Name: | Ferdows |
| Native Name: | Persian: فردوس |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Iran |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Iran |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Ferdows |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name3: | Central |
| Population As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Total: | 28695 |
| Timezone: | IRST |
| Utc Offset: | +3:30 |
| Blank Name: | Routes |
| Coordinates: | 34.0192°N 58.1731°W |
| Coordinates Footnotes: | [1] |
| Elevation M: | 1293 |
| Website: | http://ferdows.ir |
Ferdows (Persian: فردوس) is a city in the Central District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[2] It is about 345km (214miles) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. Ferdows is on the main axis connecting Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Fars provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.[3]
Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.
The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the Mongols. It was one of the most prominent cities of Ghohestan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[4] [5]
In early 1751 the town was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasion of Khorasan under Shahrokh Shah.[6]
Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of Khorasan province.[7] But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.
After Khorasan province was divided into three provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan province, but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan province in March 2007.[8]
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.[10] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.[11]
Ferdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[12] It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.
The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[13]
Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.[14]
Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:
It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by remarkable and notable entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there since years ago. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:
Education and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers: