| Ferdinando Gonzaga | |
| Succession: | Duke of Mantua and Montferrat |
| Reign: | 22 December 1612 - 29 October 1626 |
| Predecessor: | Francesco IV Gonzaga |
| Successor: | Vincenzo II Gonzaga |
| Father: | Vincenzo I Gonzaga |
| Mother: | Eleonora de' Medici |
| Spouse: | Camilla Faa (morganatic) Catherine de' Medici |
| Issue: | Francesco Giacinto Teodoro Giovanni |
| Birth Place: | Mantua, Duchy of Mantua |
| Death Place: | Mantua, Duchy of Mantua |
| Burial Place: | Basilica palatina di Santa Barbara |
| House: | House of Gonzaga |
Ferdinand I Gonzaga (26 April 1587 – 29 October 1626) was Duke of Mantua and Duke of Montferrat from 1612 until his death.
Born in Mantua, he was the son of Vincenzo I and Eleonora de' Medici.
He was appointed a cardinal at the age of 20. A few years after his elder brother, Duke Francesco IV, died in 1612 without male heirs, he renounced the ecclesiastical career and succeeded his brother in both the Duchy of Mantua and the Duchy of Montferrat.
In 1616 he secretly married Camilla Faà di Bruno, whom he divorced in the same year. Their son Francesco Giacinto Teodoro Giovanni Gonzaga, although accepted at court, was not made Ferdinando's heir. He died of the plague at the age of 14, during the 1630 siege of Mantua. On 16 February 1617 Ferdinando married Caterina de' Medici (1593–1629), the daughter of Ferdinand I, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Ferdinand Gonzaga died in 1626. His younger brother Vincenzo II inherited the duchy.
In 1616 he married Camilla Faà di Bruno, they had:
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