| Ferdinand Berthier | |
| Birth Date: | 30 September 1803 |
| Birth Place: | Louhans, Saône-et-Loire, France |
| Death Place: | Paris, France |
| Honours: | Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur |
| Education: | Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris |
| Known For: | Deaf rights movement |
Ferdinand Berthier (in French fɛʁdinɑ̃ bɛʁtje/; 30 September 1803 – 12 July 1886) was a French deaf educator, intellectual and political organiser in nineteenth-century France. He was one of the earliest champions of deaf identity and culture.
Born in 1803 in the town of Louhans, Saône-et-Loire, France, Berthier first attended the Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris as a young student in 1811, when the school was under the directorship of Abbé Roch-Ambroise Sicard. He came from the rural south-east of France to learn basic vocational skills and literacy to prepare him for work as a tradesman. He was influenced by his teacher Roch-Ambroise Auguste Bébian, a hearing man who had learned French Sign Language and published the first systematic study and defense of the language. Berthier was also influenced by two important deaf students of the school who later became teachers: Jean Massieu and Laurent Clerc. By the age of 27, Berthier had become one of the more senior professors at the school.
In late 1837, Berthier petitioned the French government for permission to create the Société Centrale des Sourds-muets, which was officially founded the following year as the first organisation to represent the interests of the deaf community. The organisation aimed to bring together "all the deaf spread across the globe... to put speaking and deaf men of intelligence and heart in rapport with each other, no matter the distance, no matter the difference in language, culture and laws."
Berthier's organisation offered deaf workers a practical avenue to support each other through "mutual aid" and a way to organize and attend adult education classes. Berthier performed a delicate balancing act as a passionate defender of deaf identity and sign language under a repressive social and political climate. He also wrote books about deaf history and deaf culture, noting deaf artists and sign-language poets of his time.
Berthier died on 12 July 1886 in Paris at the age of 82. In 1849, he became the first deaf person to receive the Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, the highest French order of merit.[1] On September 30, 2023, a Google Doodle was dedicated to his legacy.[2]