| Fongshan | |
| Other Name: | Hōzan, Fengshan |
| Official Name: | Fongshan District[1] |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Image Blank Emblem: | Fongshan District Office, Kaohsiung City.jpg |
| Blank Emblem Type: | Logo of the Fongshan District Office |
| Mapsize: | 220px |
| Coordinates: | 22.6333°N 141°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Republic of China (Taiwan) |
| Subdivision Type1: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name1: | Kaohsiung |
| Leader Title: | Director |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 26.76 |
| Population Total: | 356463 |
| Population As Of: | October 2023 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | National Standard Time |
| Utc Offset1: | +8 |
Fongshan District[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] is a district located in southern Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Fongshan is one of the administrative centers of Kaohsiung and is home to the Republic of China Military Academy. There are three military units currently located in Fongshan. Both the Republic of China Military Academy and R.O.C. Army Infantry School came to Taiwan from mainland China and were re-established here in 1950. Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School was established in 1976. These three units used to be the main economic driving force, but their importance diminished gradually as Fongshan has established itself as a conjunction between Pingtung City and Kaohsiung.
Although there are several industrial zones at the outskirts of the city, the major lifestyle in Fongshan seems to be very residential. Many apartments were built near the Kaohsiung city center as a result of shifting economic weight. Like most of areas in Taiwan, it also has many night markets scattered around within the city. Most of the night markets run until 2:00 am. Some of them are open on different days of a week, but some others are open all year round. Some of them are temporary, while others have become permanent establishments.
During the Dutch era, the current location of Fongshan was called Pongsoya (see Linbian, Pingtung), a group of eight Makatao villages and one of the most populous areas of Taiwan.
During Qing rule, included areas south of Tainan (then called "Taiwan-fu") and west of the mountains. In 1875, the southern part of Fongshan County was separated into .
In 1901, during Japanese rule, was one of twenty local administrative offices established. According to the 1904 census, Hozan town had a population of 5,750, whereas Hozan District had a population 173,016. In 1909, this unit was merged into . From 1920 to 1945, under the prefecture system, was administered under Hōzan District, Takao Prefecture. After the colonial government started to develop Takao Harbor in the early 20th century, the importance of Fongshan declined.
Fongshan was the capital of Kaohsiung County, and was established in 1945 as an urban township. It was upgraded to a county-administered city on 1 July 1972. On 24 December 2010, it was upgraded to a district and along with Lingya District has been the city seat of Kaohsiung City since that time.
The district consists of Xiankou, Chenggong, Guangming, Xingzhong, Nanxing, Hede, Fenggang, Zhonghe, Zhenbei, Xianya, Wenying, Zhenxi, Zhentung, Beiding, Zhongzheng, Zhennan, Laoye, Ruizhu, Zhongyi, Chengyi, Xinxing, Haiguang, Zhongcheng, Xinjia, Wuhan, Zhengyi, Yijia, Fuxing, Tungmen, Ruixing, Tianxing, Xinjiang, Guotai, Fengtung, Xinfu, Guoguang, Guolong, Wende, Guobei, Caogong, Xingren, Wufu, Zhongxiao, Shengming, Hexing, Xiehe, Wenshan, Fucheng, Chengde, Sanmin, Beimen, Fujia, Nancheng, Wenhua, Dade, Wusong, Wenheng, Wenfu, Chengxin, Chengzhi, Guofu, Wuqing, Haiyang, Xinwu, Xinle, Xintai, Zhonglun, Zhongrong, Zhongmin, Erjia, Longcheng, Furong, Shanmei, Nanhe, Fuxiang and Baoan Villages.[10]
Fongshan has a tropical climate. The average temperature is 23 °C (73.4 °F). The average precipitation is 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters (59 to 79 inches).