| Fengman Dam | |
| Location Map: | China |
| Coordinates: | 43.7194°N 126.6886°W |
| Country: | China |
| Location: | Jilin City, Jilin Province |
| Status: | In use |
| Construction Began: | 1937 |
| Opening: | 1953 |
| Demolished: | 2019 |
| Owner: | Northeast China Grid Company Limited |
| Dam Type: | Gravity |
| Dam Length: | 10800NaN0 |
| Dam Height: | 910NaN0 |
| Dam Width Crest: | 13.50NaN0 |
| Dam Crosses: | Second Songhua River |
| Spillway Type: | 11 floodgates, 1 discharge tunnel |
| Spillway Capacity: | Gates:92400NaN0 Tunnel:11860NaN0 |
| Res Name: | Fengman Reservoir (Songhua Lake) |
| Res Capacity Total: | 114600000000NaN0 |
| Res Catchment: | 425000NaN0 |
| Res Surface: | 5500NaN0 |
| Res Max Depth: | 750NaN0 |
| Plant Hydraulic Head: | 1100NaN0 (design) |
| Plant Commission: | Stage I: 1943-1959 Stage II: 1992 Stage III: 1998 |
| Plant Type: | Conventional |
| Plant Turbines: | 1 X 60 MW, 2 X 65 MW, 1 x 72.5 MW, 4 x 83 MW, 2 x 85 MW, 2 X 140 MW Francis turbines[1] [2] |
| Plant Capacity: | 1,002.5 MW |
| Plant Annual Gen: | 1890 GWh |
The Fengman Dam is a concrete gravity dam 200NaN0 from Jilin City on the Second Songhua River in Jilin Province, China. The main purposes of the dam are hydroelectric power generation and flood control. Construction of the dam began in 1937 and was complete in 1953. The dam is owned and operated by Northeast China Grid Company Limited.
A new dam was completed in 2019, and the old dam will be dismantled, except for a small section preserved for historical interest .
Construction on the Fengman Dam began in 1937 under the Japanese during their occupation of parts of China during World War II. In November 1942, the reservoir behind the dam began to fill and by March 1943, the first generators were operational. Still lacking floodgates, the dam was not entirely complete after the Japanese occupation in 1953. In 1959, the eighth and final generator of the first stage was installed, bringing the power station's installed capacity to 552.5 MW. Between 1970 and 1979, a tunnel was installed on the left bank of the dam and it was later converted into a flood discharge tunnel in 1991. In 1988, the second stage of construction began which included the installation of a ninth and tenth turbine. This was complete in 1992 and the plant's total installed capacity was 722.5 MW. From 1993 to 1998, the third stage of constructed on the dam was carried out, bringing the power station to a final installed capacity of 1002.5 MW.[3]
The Fengman Reservoir, also known as Songhua Lake, has a capacity of 114600000000NaN0 of which 53500000000NaN0 is active or "useful" storage and 26700000000NaN0 is used for flooding. The reservoir is narrow, 1800NaN0 long, and has a surface area of 5500NaN0. Normal reservoir level is 2610NaN0 above sea level, minimum is 2420NaN0 and a maximum of 2670NaN0. The drainage or catchment area is 425000NaN0 of which 190000NaN0 is controlled by the Baishan Dam, 116000NaN0 is located within the Daogou area and 119000NaN0 is controlled by the Hongshi Dam. Annual rainfall in the reservoir zone is 5000NaN0 - 10200NaN0 with 60-90 percent falling between July and September each year. Average mean runoff is 4260NaN0, maximum mean is 7370NaN0 while the minimum mean is 1640NaN0. Maximum instantaneous runoff during flooding can reach 228000NaN0 while during ice season, it can be as low as 100NaN0.[3]
The Fengman dam is a 910NaN0 high and 10800NaN0 long concrete gravity dam which is divided into 60 180NaN0sections. Sections 1–8, 20 and 32-60 are non-overflow while 9-19 contain the 11 crest overflow spillways. Sections 21-31 contain the ten intakes and penstocks for the power plant which rest at their base, the dam's toe. The dam's crest spillway has a 92400NaN0 capacity while the 6830NaN0 long, 9.20NaN0 diameter flood discharge tunnel on the left bank has a 11860NaN0 capacity.[3]
A new dam was constructed 120m downstream of the old dam, during the period 2015-2019 [4]
The new dam is 50% higher than the old one, and has 50% more electrical generation capacity. As the last of the new turbines was installed in 2019, work started on dismantling the old dam.[5]