The Feitian space suit is an extravehicular space suit design developed and used by the China Manned Space Program. It provides life support, environmental protection, and communications for taikonauts during extravehicular activity (EVA).[1]
The earliest Feitian space suit was used on Shenzhou 7, worn by taikonaut Zhai Zhigang during China's first-ever spacewalk on 27 September 2008.[2] An improved version of the Feitian space suit is used aboard the Tiangong space station, with the first EVA using the updated version being on Shenzhou 12's first EVA, on 4 July 2021.[3]
As of July 2023, 13 Chinese taikonauts have completed 13 EVAs wearing Feitian space suits.
The name fēi tiān literally and separately means "flying" and "sky" in Mandarin.[4] It is a reference to the flying gods and goddesses feitian, sometimes translated as flying apsara, in Chinese, and most famously depicted in Chinese art in the grottoes of Dunhuang.[5] [6]
Images of the feitian from Dunhuang appear on the arm badge of the space suit.[7]
When the China Manned Space Program was approved in 1992, one of its "second phase" goals was to develop extravehicular activity capability. To achieve this goal, in the early 2000s, China signed an agreement with Russia to allow import of the Orlan-M space suit to China.[8]
Also in the early 2000s, the Chinese space program began development of its own domestic EVA suit design.[9] The first such suit was assembled in June 2006, and certified in two years later in June 2008.[10]
On 24 September 2008, the China Manned Space Agency announced that China's first extravehicular activity would be conducted by two taikonauts, wearing the Chinese-made Feitian space suit and the Russian-made Orlan-M space suit respectively.[11]
On 27 September 2008, Shenzhou 7 Commander Zhai Zhigang completed China's first extravehicular activity, wearing a first-generation Feitian space suit. The EVA lasted for about 20 minutes. During the EVA, taikonaut Liu Boming remained inside the spacecraft's orbital module, wearing an imported Russian Orlan-M space suit.[12]
Nearly thirteen years after Shenzhou 7, on 4 July 2021, taikonauts Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo of Shenzhou 12 conducted China's second EVA from the newly-launched Tianhe core module of the Tiangong space station, wearing an updated second-generation version of the Feitian space suit.[13] The updated suit design includes two variants, one with red stripes and one with blue stripes, used to distinguish between taikonauts on EVA.[14]
"“我们想过很多名字，但最终决定把国产航天服命名为‘飞天’。”周建平说，“我们希望，将来我们能够像敦煌壁画上的飞天一样，在太空自由地飞翔。”" ["'We considered many names, but eventually decided to name the domestically made space suit "Feitian",' said Zhou Jinping, 'We hope that, in the future we can be just like the ''feitian'' of the [[Dunhuang]] murals, and fly freely in space.'"]
"飞天两个字是绣着的，非常有立体感，是胡锦涛总书记题写的。下面还绣着两个敦煌的飞天美女。" ["The two characters ''Fei Tian'' are embroidered, and have a three dimensional feel, and were written by General Secretary [[Hu Jintao]]. Below are embroidered two feitian female figures from Dunhuang."]
