February 14 Explained

It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day.

Events

Pre-1600

• 748  - Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt.^[1]
• 842  - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages.^[2]
• 1014  - Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry of Bavaria, King of Germany and of Italy, as Holy Roman Emperor.^[3]
• 1130  - The troubled 1130 papal election exposes a rift within the College of Cardinals.
• 1349  - Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remaining Jews are forcibly removed from Strasbourg.
• 1530  - Spanish conquistadores, led by Nuño de Guzmán, overthrow and execute Tangaxuan II, the last independent monarch of the Tarascan state in present-day central Mexico.
• 1556  - Having been declared a heretic and laicized by Pope Paul IV on 4 December 1555,^[4] Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is publicly defrocked at Christ Church Cathedral.^[5]
• 1556  - Coronation of Akbar as ruler of the Mughal Empire.

1601–1900

• 1613  - Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate at Whitehall Palace, London.^[6]
• 1655  - The Mapuches launch coordinated attacks against the Spanish in Chile beginning the Mapuche uprising of 1655.^[7]
• 1778  - The United States flag is formally recognized by a foreign naval vessel for the first time, when French Admiral Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte renders a nine gun salute to, commanded by John Paul Jones.
• 1779  - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Kettle Creek is fought in Georgia.
• 1779  - James Cook is killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii.
• 1797  - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent: John Jervis, (later 1st Earl of St Vincent) and Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) lead the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.
• 1804  - Karađorđe leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.^[8]
• 1831  - Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.
• 1835  - The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in the Latter Day Saint movement, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio.
• 1849  - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first serving President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• 1852  - Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for children, is founded in London.
• 1855  - Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.
• 1859  - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
• 1876  - Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
• 1879  - The War of the Pacific breaks out when the Chilean Army occupies the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
• 1899  - Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
• 1900  - The British Army begins the Battle of the Tugela Heights in an effort to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.

1901–present

• 1903  - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor).
• 1912  - Arizona is admitted as the 48th and the last contiguous U.S. state.
• 1912  - The U.S. Navy commissions its first class of diesel-powered submarines.
• 1918  - Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar.^[9]
• 1919  - The Polish–Soviet War begins.
• 1920  - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago.
• 1924  - The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
• 1929  - Saint Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven people, six of them gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang, are murdered in Chicago.
• 1939  - World War II: German battleship Bismarck is launched.^[10]
• 1942  - World War II: Battle of Pasir Panjang contributes to the fall of Singapore.
• 1943  - World War II: Rostov-on-Don, Russia is liberated.
• 1943  - World War II: Tunisia Campaign: General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim's Fifth Panzer Army launches a counter-attack against Allied positions in Tunisia.
• 1944  - World War II: In the action of 14 February 1944, a Royal Navy submarine sinks a German-controlled Italian Regia Marina submarine in the Strait of Malacca.
• 1945  - World War II: On the first day of the bombing of Dresden, the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden.
• 1945  - World War II: Navigational error leads to the mistaken bombing of Prague, Czechoslovakia by a United States Army Air Forces squadron of B-17s assisting in the Soviet Red Army's Vistula–Oder Offensive.
  • 1945  - World War II: Mostar is liberated by Yugoslav partisans 1945  - President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the, officially beginning U.S.-Saudi diplomatic relations.
• 1946  - The Bank of England is nationalized.
• 1947  - The act abolishing all noble ranks and related styles comes into force in Hungary.^[11]
• 1949  - The Knesset (parliament of Israel) convenes for the first time.
• 1949  - The Asbestos Strike begins in Canada. The strike marks the beginning of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.
• 1954  - First Indochina war - small French garrison at Đắk Đoa is overrun by the Viet Minh after a week's siege.^[12]
• 1961  - Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.
• 1966  - Australian currency is decimalized.
• 1979  - In Kabul, Setami Milli militants kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
• 1983  - United American Bank of Knoxville, Tennessee collapses. Its president, Jake Butcher, is later convicted of fraud.
• 1989  - Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal disaster.
• 1989  - Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.
• 1990  - Ninety-two people are killed when Indian Airlines Flight 605 crashes in Bangalore, India.
• 1990  - The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes the photograph of planet Earth that later becomes famous as Pale Blue Dot.
• 1998  - An oil tanker train collides with a freight train in Yaoundé, Cameroon, spilling fuel oil. One person scavenging the oil created a massive explosion which killed 120.
• 2000  - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
• 2003  - Iraq disarmament crisis: UNMOVIC Executive Chairman Hans Blix reports to the United Nations Security Council that disarmament inspectors have found no weapons of mass destruction in Ba'athist Iraq.^[13]
• 2004  - In a suburb of Moscow, Russia, the roof of the Transvaal water park collapses, killing more than 28 people, and wounding 193 others.
• 2005  - In Beirut, 23 people, including former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, are killed when the equivalent of around 1,000 kg of TNT is detonated while Hariri's motorcade drives through the city.^[14]
• 2005  - Seven people are killed and 151 wounded in a series of bombings by suspected al-Qaeda-linked militants that hit Makati, Davao City, and General Santos, all in the Philippines.
• 2005  - YouTube is launched by a group of college students, eventually becoming the largest video sharing website in the world and a main source for viral videos.
• 2008  - Northern Illinois University shooting: A gunman opens fire in a lecture hall of Northern Illinois University in DeKalb County, Illinois, resulting in six fatalities (including the gunman) and 21 injuries.
• 2011  - As a part of Arab Spring, the Bahraini uprising begins with a 'Day of Rage'.
• 2018  - Jacob Zuma resigns as President of South Africa.
• 2018  - A shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida is one of the deadliest school massacres with 17 fatalities and 17 injuries.^[15]
• 2019  - Pulwama attack takes place in Lethpora in Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India in which 40 Central Reserve Police Force personnel and a suicide bomber were killed and 35 were injured.

Births

Pre-1600

• 1404  - Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher (d. 1472)
• 1408  - John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel (d. 1435)
• 1452  - Pandolfo Petrucci, tyrant of Siena (d. 1512)
• 1468  - Johannes Werner, German priest and mathematician (d. 1522)
• 1483  - Babur, Moghul emperor (d. 1530)
• 1490  - Valentin Friedland, German scholar and educationist of the Reformation (d. 1556)
• 1513  - Domenico Ferrabosco, Italian composer (d. 1573)
• 1545  - Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara (d. 1561)

1601–1900

• 1602  - Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (d. 1676)^[16]
• 1614  - John Wilkins, English bishop, academic and natural philosopher (d. 1672)^{[17] [18]}
• 1625  - Countess Palatine Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken, Swedish princess (d. 1687)^[19]
• 1628  - Valentine Greatrakes, Irish faith healer (d. 1683)^[20]
• 1640  - Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (d. 1693)
• 1670  - Rajaram Raj Bhonsle, third Chhatrapati of the Maratha Confederacy (d. 1700)^[21]
• 1679  - Georg Friedrich Kauffmann, German organist and composer (d. 1735)
• 1692  - Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée, French author and playwright (d. 1754)
• 1701  - Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian and author (d. 1773)
• 1763  - Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (d. 1813)
• 1782  - Eleanora Atherton, English philanthropist (d. 1870)^[22]
• 1784  - Heinrich Baermann, German clarinetist (d. 1847)
• 1799  - Walenty Wańkowicz, Polish painter and illustrator (d. 1842)
• 1800  - Emory Washburn, American historian, lawyer, and politician, 22nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1877)
• 1808  - Michael Costa, Italian-English conductor and composer (d. 1884)
• 1812  - Fernando Wood, American merchant and politician, 73rd Mayor of New York City (d. 1881)^[23]
• 1813  - Lydia Hamilton Smith, African-American businesswoman (d. 1884)^[24]
• 1819  - Christopher Latham Sholes, American journalist and politician, invented the typewriter (d. 1890)
• 1824  - Winfield Scott Hancock, American general and politician (d. 1886)
• 1828  - Edmond François Valentin About, French journalist and author (d. 1885)
• 1835  - Piet Paaltjens, Dutch minister and poet (d. 1894)
• 1838  - Margaret E. Knight, American inventor (d. 1914)
• 1846  - Julian Scott, American soldier and drummer, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1901)
• 1847  - Anna Howard Shaw, American physician, minister, and activist (d. 1919)
• 1848  - Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer and academic (d. 1934)
• 1855  - Frank Harris, Irish author and journalist (d. 1931)
• 1859  - George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., American engineer, inventor of the Ferris wheel (d. 1896)
• 1860  - Eugen Schiffer, German lawyer and politician, Vice-Chancellor of Germany (d. 1954)
• 1869  - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist and meteorologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
• 1878  - Julius Nieuwland, Belgian priest, chemist and academic (d. 1936)
• 1882  - John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
• 1884  - Nils Olaf Chrisander, Swedish actor and director (d. 1947)
• 1884  - Kostas Varnalis, Greek poet and playwright (d. 1974)
• 1888  - Chandrashekhar Agashe, Indian industrialist (d. 1956)^[25]
• 1890  - Nina Hamnett, Welsh-English painter and author (d. 1956)
• 1890  - Dick Richards, Welsh international footballer (d. 1934)^[26]
• 1891  - Katherine Stinson, American aviator (d. 1977)
• 1892  - Radola Gajda, Czech commander and politician (d. 1948)
• 1894  - Jack Benny, American actor and producer (d. 1974)^[27]
• 1895  - Wilhelm Burgdorf, German general (d. 1945)
• 1895  - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1973)
• 1898  - Bill Tilman, English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1977)
• 1898  - Fritz Zwicky, Swiss-American physicist and astronomer (d. 1974)
• 1900  - Jessica Dragonette, American singer (d. 1980)^[28]

1901–present

• 1902  - Thelma Ritter, American actress and singer (d. 1969)^[29]
• 1903  - Stuart Erwin, American actor (d. 1967)
• 1907  - Johnny Longden, English-American jockey and trainer (d. 2003)
• 1911  - Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch physician and inventor (d. 2009)
• 1912  - Tibor Sekelj, Hungarian lawyer, explorer, and author (d. 1988)
• 1913  - Mel Allen, American sportscaster (d. 1996)
• 1913  - Woody Hayes, American football player and coach (d. 1987)^[29]
• 1913  - Jimmy Hoffa, American trade union leader (d. 1975)^[29]
• 1913  - James Pike, American bishop (d. 1969)
• 1915  - Sally Gray, English actress and singer (d. 2006)
• 1916  - Marcel Bigeard, French general (d. 2010)
• 1916  - Masaki Kobayashi, Japanese director and producer (d. 1996)
• 1916  - Edward Platt, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1917  - Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
• 1921  - Hugh Downs, American journalist, game show host, and producer (d. 2020)^[29]
• 1921  - Hazel McCallion, Canadian businesswoman and politician, 3rd Mayor of Mississauga (d. 2023)^[30]
• 1923  - Jay Hebert, American golfer (d. 1997)
• 1924  - Juan Ponce Enrile, Filipino politician^[31]
• 1924  - Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma (d. 2017)
• 1927  - Lois Maxwell, Canadian-Australian model and actress (d. 2007)
• 1928  - William Allain, American lawyer and politician, 58th Governor of Mississippi (d. 2013)
• 1928  - Vicente T. Blaz, American general and politician (d. 2014)
• 1929  - Vic Morrow, American actor and director (d. 1982)
• 1931  - Brian Kelly, American actor and director (d. 2005)
• 1932  - Harriet Andersson, Swedish actress
• 1934  - Florence Henderson, American actress and singer (d. 2016)^[29]
• 1935  - David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, Scottish academic and diplomat, 27th Governor of Hong Kong
• 1936  - Anna German, Polish singer (d. 1982)
• 1937  - John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market, English politician, Secretary of State for Transport
• 1937  - Magic Sam, American singer and guitarist (d. 1969)^[32]
• 1939  - Razzy Bailey, American country music singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2021)
• 1939  - Blowfly, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016)^[33]
• 1939  - Eugene Fama, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941  - Donna Shalala, American academic and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
• 1941  - Paul Tsongas, American lawyer and politician (d. 1997)
• 1942  - Michael Bloomberg, American businessman and politician, 108th Mayor of New York City^[29]
• 1942  - Andrew Robinson, American actor and director
• 1942  - Ricardo Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (d. 1962)
• 1943  - Maceo Parker, American saxophonist^[34]
• 1944  - Carl Bernstein, American journalist and author^[29]
• 1944  - Alan Parker, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2020)
• 1944  - Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (d. 1978)^[35]
• 1945  - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
• 1945  - Rod Masterson, American lieutenant and actor (d. 2013)
• 1946  - Bernard Dowiyogo, Nauru politician, President of Nauru (d. 2003)
• 1946  - Gregory Hines, American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 2003)^[29]
• 1947  - Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
• 1947  - Judd Gregg, American lawyer and politician, 76th Governor of New Hampshire
• 1947  - Phạm Tuân, Vietnamese aviator and cosmonaut^[36]
• 1948  - Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American actress and dancer (d. 2022)
• 1948  - Pat O'Brien, American journalist and author
• 1948  - Wally Tax, Dutch singer-songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1948  - Teller, American magician and actor
• 1950  - Roger Fisher, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1951  - Terry Gross, American radio host and producer^[29]
• 1951  - Kevin Keegan, English footballer and manager
• 1952  - Sushma Swaraj, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (d. 2019)
• 1954  - Jam Mohammad Yousaf, Pakistani politician, Chief Minister of Balochistan (d. 2013)
• 1955  - Carol Kalish, American publisher (d. 1991)
• 1956  - Howard Davis Jr., American boxer and trainer (d. 2015)
• 1956  - Dave Dravecky, American baseball player
• 1956  - Katharina Fritsch, German sculptor and academic
• 1957  - Soile Isokoski, Finnish soprano and actress
• 1957  - Alan Smith, English bishop^[37]
• 1957  - Ken Wahl, American actor
• 1958  - Grant Thomas, Australian footballer and coach
• 1959  - Renée Fleming, American soprano and actress
• 1960  - Philip Jones, English admiral^[38]
• 1960  - Jim Kelly, American football player and businessman
• 1960  - Meg Tilly, American actress and author^[39]
• 1962  - Sakina Jaffrey, American actress^[39]
• 1963  - Enrico Colantoni, Canadian actor, director, and producer^[39]
• 1964  - Gianni Bugno, Italian cyclist and sportscaster
• 1964  - Zach Galligan, American actor^[39]
• 1966  - Petr Svoboda, Czech ice hockey player and agent
• 1967  - Stelios Haji-Ioannou, Greek-English businessman, founded easyJet
• 1967  - Calle Johansson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach^[40]
• 1967  - Manuela Maleeva, Bulgarian-Swiss tennis player
• 1967  - Mark Rutte, Dutch businessman and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1968  - Jules Asner, American model and television host
• 1968  - Chris Lewis, Guyanese-English cricketer
• 1968  - Scott McClellan, American civil servant and author, 25th White House Press Secretary
• 1969  - Meg Hillier, English journalist and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
• 1970  - Giuseppe Guerini, Italian cyclist
• 1970  - Sean Hill, American ice hockey player
• 1970  - Simon Pegg, English actor, director, and producer^[39]
• 1970  - Takashi Saito, Japanese baseball player^[41]
• 1971  - Kris Aquino, Filipino talk show host, actress, and producer
• 1971  - Gheorghe Mureșan, Romanian basketball player
• 1972  - Drew Bledsoe, American football player and coach
• 1972  - Musōyama Masashi, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1972  - Najwa Nimri, Spanish actress and singer ^[42]
• 1972  - Jaan Tallinn, Estonian computer programmer, co-developed Skype
• 1972  - Rob Thomas, American singer-songwriter^[39]
• 1973  - H. D. Ackerman, South African cricketer
• 1973  - Annalisa Buffa, Italian mathematician
• 1973  - Tyus Edney, American basketball player and coach
• 1973  - Steve McNair, American football player (d. 2009)
• 1974  - Valentina Vezzali, Italian fencer and politician
• 1975  - Viktor Kozlov, Russian ice hockey player and coach^[43]
• 1975  - Dámaso Marte, Dominican baseball player^[44]
• 1976  - Milan Hejduk, Czech-American ice hockey player^[45]
• 1976  - Liv Kristine, Norwegian singer-songwriter
• 1976  - Rie Rasmussen, Danish model, film director, writer, photographer, and actress
• 1977  - Anna Erschler, Russian mathematician
• 1977  - Cadel Evans, Australian cyclist
• 1977  - Jim Jefferies, Australian comedian and actor
• 1977  - Darren Purse, English footballer
• 1977  - Elmer Symons, South African motorcycle racer (d. 2007)
• 1978  - Danai Gurira, American-Zimbabwean actress^[39]
• 1978  - Richard Hamilton, American basketball player
• 1978  - Darius Songaila, Lithuanian basketball player and coach
• 1980  - Josh Senter, American screenwriter and producer
• 1980  - Michelle Ye, Hong Kong actress and producer
• 1981  - Matteo Brighi, Italian footballer
• 1981  - Randy de Puniet, French motorcycle racer
• 1981  - Brad Halsey, American baseball player (d. 2014)
• 1981  - Kara Lawson, American basketball player and coach^[46]
• 1981  - Jared Lorenzen, American football player (d. 2019)^[47]
• 1982  - Marián Gáborík, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1982  - John Halls, English footballer and model
• 1982  - Lenka Tvarošková, Slovak tennis player
• 1983  - Callix Crabbe, Virgin Islander baseball player
• 1983  - Rocky Elsom, Australian rugby player
• 1983  - Bacary Sagna, French footballer
• 1984  - Matt Barr, American actor^[39]
• 1985  - Karima Adebibe, English model and actress
• 1985  - Tyler Clippard, American baseball player
• 1985  - Heart Evangelista, Filipino singer and actress
• 1985  - Philippe Senderos, Swiss footballer^[48]
• 1985  - Miki Yeung, Hong Kong singer and actress
• 1986  - Michael Ammermüller, German racing driver
• 1986  - Oliver Lee, English actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1986  - Gao Lin, Chinese footballer
• 1986  - Tiffany Thornton, American actress and singer^[39]
• 1987  - Edinson Cavani, Uruguayan footballer
• 1987  - Tom Pyatt, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987  - David Wheater, English footballer
• 1987  - Candice Wiggins, American basketball player^[49]
• 1988  - Katie Boland, Canadian actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1988  - Ángel Di María, Argentinian footballer
• 1988  - Siim Liivik, Estonian ice hockey player
• 1989  - Néstor Calderón, Mexican footballer
• 1989  - Adam Matuszczyk, Polish footballer
• 1989  - Emma Miskew, Canadian curler^[50]
• 1989  - Byron Mullens, American basketball player^[51]
• 1989  - Derek Norris, American baseball player^[52]
• 1989  - Brandon Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989  - Jurij Tepeš, Slovenian ski jumper
• 1989  - Kristian Thomas, English gymnast^[53]
• 1990  - Chris Babb, American basketball player^[54]
• 1990  - Brett Dier, Canadian actor^[39]
• 1990  - Bogdan Kiselevich, Russian ice hockey player^[55]
• 1990  - Sefa Yılmaz, German-Turkish footballer
• 1991  - Daniela Mona Lambin, Estonian footballer^[56]
• 1992  - Christian Eriksen, Danish footballer^[57]
• 1992  - Freddie Highmore, English actor^[39]
• 1992  - Petr Mrázek, Czech ice hockey player^[58]
• 1993  - Jadeveon Clowney, American football player^[59]
• 1993  - Alberto Rosende, American actor and singer^[29]
• 1996  - Nikolaj Ehlers, Danish ice hockey player^[60]
• 1996  - Lucas Hernandez, French footballer^[61]
• 1997  - Jaehyun, South Korean singer and actor^[62]
• 1997  - Breel Embolo, Swiss footballer^[63]
• 1999  - Tyler Adams, American soccer player^[64]
• 2000  - Gabriel Moreno, Venezuelan baseball player^[65]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 869  - Cyril, Greek missionary bishop (b. 827)
• 945  - Lian Chongyu, Chinese general
• 945  - Zhu Wenjin, Chinese emperor
• 1009  - Bruno of Querfurt, German missionary bishop
• 1010  - Fujiwara no Korechika, Japanese nobleman (b. 974)
• 1140  - Leo I, Armenian prince
• 1140  - Sobĕslav I, duke of Bohemia
• 1164  - Sviatoslav Olgovich, Kievan prince
• 1229  - Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, king of the Isles
• 1317  - Margaret of France, queen of England
• 1400  - Richard II, king of England (b. 1367)
• 1440  - Dietrich of Oldenburg, German nobleman
• 1489  - Nicolaus von Tüngen, prince-bishop of Warmia
• 1528  - Edzard I, German nobleman (b. 1462)
• 1549  - Il Sodoma, Italian painter (b. 1477)

1601–1900

• 1676  - Abraham Bosse, French engraver and illustrator (b. 1602)
• 1714  - Maria Luisa of Savoy, queen of Spain (b. 1688)
• 1737  - Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot, English lawyer and politician Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1685)
• 1744  - John Hadley, English mathematician, invented the octant (b. 1682)
• 1755  - Isidro de Espinosa, Franciscan missionary from Spanish Texas (b. 1679)^[66]
• 1779  - James Cook, English captain, cartographer, and explorer (b. 1728)
• 1780  - William Blackstone, English jurist and politician (b. 1723)
• 1782  - Singu Min, Burmese king (b. 1756)
• 1808  - John Dickinson, American lawyer and politician 5th Governor of Delaware (b. 1732)
• 1831  - Vicente Guerrero, Mexican general and politician, 2nd President of Mexico (b. 1782)
• 1831  - Henry Maudslay, English engineer (b. 1771)
• 1870  - St. John Richardson Liddell, American general (b. 1815)
• 1881  - Fernando Wood, American merchant and politician, 73rd Mayor of New York City (b. 1812)
• 1884  - Lydia Hamilton Smith, African-American businesswoman (b. 1813)^[24]
• 1885  - Jules Vallès, French journalist and author (b. 1832)
• 1891  - William Tecumseh Sherman, American general (b. 1820)
• 1894  - Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian-French mathematician and academic (b. 1814)

1901–present

• 1910  - Giovanni Passannante, Italian anarchist (b. 1849)
• 1922  - Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish lawyer and politician (b. 1880; assassinated)^[67]
• 1923 – Charles Henry Turner, American zoologist, educator, and comparative psychologist (b. 1867)^[68]
• 1929  - Thomas Burke, American sprinter, coach, and lawyer (b. 1875)
• 1930  - Thomas Mackenzie, Scottish-New Zealand cartographer and politician, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1853)
• 1933  - Carl Correns, German botanist and geneticist (b. 1864)
• 1937  - Erkki Melartin, Finnish composer (b. 1875)^[69]
• 1942  - Adnan Saidi, Malayan lieutenant (b. 1915)
• 1943  - Dora Gerson, German actress and singer (b. 1899)
• 1943  - David Hilbert, Russian-German mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1862)
• 1948  - Mordecai Brown, American baseball player and manager (b. 1876)
• 1949  - Yusuf Salman Yusuf, Iraqi politician (b. 1901)
• 1950  - Karl Guthe Jansky, American physicist and engineer (b. 1905)
• 1952  - Maurice De Waele, Belgian cyclist (b. 1896)
• 1958  - Abdur Rab Nishtar, Pakistani politician, 2nd Governor of Punjab (b. 1899)
• 1959  - Baby Dodds, American drummer (b. 1898)
• 1967  - Sig Ruman, German-American actor (b. 1884)
• 1969  - Vito Genovese, Italian-American mob boss (b. 1897)
• 1970  - Herbert Strudwick, English cricketer and coach (b. 1880)
• 1974  - Stewie Dempster, New Zealand cricketer and coach (b. 1903)
• 1975  - Julian Huxley, English biologist and eugenicist, co-founded the World Wide Fund for Nature (b. 1887)
• 1975  - P. G. Wodehouse, English novelist and playwright (b. 1881)
• 1976  - Gertrud Dorka, German archaeologist, prehistorian and museum director (b. 1893)^[70]
• 1979  - Adolph Dubs, American lieutenant and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Afghanistan (b. 1920)^[71]
• 1983  - Lina Radke, German runner and coach (b. 1903)
• 1986  - Edmund Rubbra, English composer and conductor (b. 1901)
• 1987  - Dmitry Kabalevsky, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1904)
• 1988  - Frederick Loewe, German-American composer (b. 1901)
• 1989  - James Bond, American ornithologist and zoologist (b. 1900)
• 1989  - Vincent Crane, English pianist (b. 1943)
• 1994  - Andrei Chikatilo, Soviet serial killer (b. 1936)
• 1994  - Christopher Lasch, American historian and critic (b. 1932)
• 1995  - Michael V. Gazzo, American actor and playwright (b. 1923)
• 1995  - U Nu, Burmese politician, 1st Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1907)
• 1996  - Bob Paisley, English footballer and manager (b. 1919)
• 1998  - Peter Koch (wood scientist), American industrial engineer and wood scientist (b. 1920)^[72]
• 1999  - John Ehrlichman, American lawyer and politician, 12th White House Counsel (b. 1925)
• 1999  - Buddy Knox, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1933)
• 2002  - Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1922)
• 2002  - Mick Tucker, English drummer (b. 1947)
• 2003  - Johnny Longden, English jockey and trainer (b. 1907)
• 2004  - Marco Pantani, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
• 2005  - Rafic Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician, 60th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1944; assassinated)^[73]
• 2006  - Lynden David Hall, English singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1974)
• 2007  - Ryan Larkin, Canadian animator and director (b. 1943)
• 2007  - Gareth Morris, English flute player and educator (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Perry Lopez, American actor (b. 1929)^[74]
• 2009  - Bernard Ashley, English engineer and businessman, co-founded Laura Ashley plc (b. 1926)
• 2009  - Louie Bellson, American drummer and composer (b. 1924)
• 2010  - Doug Fieger, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952)
• 2010  - Dick Francis, Welsh jockey and author (b. 1920)
• 2010  - Linnart Mäll, Estonian historian, orientalist, and translator (b. 1938)
• 2011  - George Shearing, English-American pianist and composer (b. 1919)
• 2012  - Mike Bernardo, South African boxer and martial artist (b. 1969)
• 2012  - Tonmi Lillman, Finnish drummer and producer (b. 1973)
• 2012  - Dory Previn, American singer-songwriter (b. 1925)
• 2012  - Péter Rusorán, Hungarian swimmer, water polo player, and coach (b. 1940)
• 2013  - Glenn Boyer, American historian and author (b. 1924)
• 2013  - Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher and scholar (b. 1931)
• 2014  - Tom Finney, English footballer (b. 1922)
• 2014  - Chris Pearson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Yukon (b. 1931)
• 2014  - Mike Stepovich, American lawyer and politician, Governor of Alaska Territory (b. 1919)
• 2015  - Louis Jourdan, French-American actor and singer (b. 1921)
• 2015  - Philip Levine, American poet and academic (b. 1928)
• 2015  - Franjo Mihalić, Croatian-Serbian runner and coach (b. 1920)
• 2016  - Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury, English lieutenant, engineer, and politician (b. 1928)
• 2016  - Steven Stucky, American composer and academic (b. 1949)^[75]
• 2018  - Ruud Lubbers, Dutch politician and diplomat, Prime Minister and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (b. 1939)^[76]
• 2018  - Morgan Tsvangirai, 2nd Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (b. 1952)^[77]
• 2021  - Carlos Menem, Argentine former president, lawyer, and statesman (b. 1930)^[78]
• 2021  - William Meninger, American Trappist monk and a principal developer of Centering Prayer (b. 1932)^[79]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Cyril and Methodius, patron saints of Europe (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Manchan
  • Valentine (see also Valentine's Day)^[80]
  • February 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Statehood Day (Arizona, United States)
• Statehood Day (Oregon, United States)
• Presentation of Jesus at the Temple (Armenian Apostolic Church)
• Parents' Worship Day (parts of India)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on February 14

Notes and References

1. Book: Bosworth. C.E.. Bolshakov. O.G.. Central Asia Under the Umayyads and the Early 'Abbasids. History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 4: The Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth century. Part I: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Asimov. M.S.. Paris. Unesco Publishing. 1999. 9231034677. 29.
2. Book: Verbruggen, J.F.. The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340. Rochester, N.Y.. The Boydell Press. 1997. 9780851155708. 31.
3. Web site: Henry II Holy Roman emperor . Encyclopedia Britannica . 12 February 2020 . en . 5 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805112943/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-Holy-Roman-emperor . live .
4. Book: Heinze, R.W.. 'I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end': A new look at the martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Ayris. Paul. Selwyn. David G.. Woodbridge, Suffolk, U.K.. Boydell & Brewer. 1999. 9780851157405. 271.
5. Book: MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Thomas Cranmer: A Life. London. Yale University Press. 1996. 9780300066883. 590–592.
6. Ethel Carleton Williams, Anne of Denmark (London, 1970), p. 157.
7. Book: Barros Arana, Diego. Historia general de Chile. Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Alicante. Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000. Tomo cuarto. es. Diego Barros Arana. 349. 2019-08-08. 2019-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20191019183409/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-general-de-chile-tomo-cuarto--0/html/ff2f1efc-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_69.html#I_15_. live.
8. Book: Hötte . Hans H. A. . Atlas of Southeast Europe: Geopolitics and History. Volume Three, 1815-1926 . 2018 . Brill . 9789004361812 . 5.
9. Web site: История календаря в России и в СССР . 2022-04-18 . grigam.narod.ru . ru.
10. Book: Gaack . Malte . Schlachtschiff Bismarck – Das wahre Gesicht eines Schiffes – Teil 3 . Carr . Ward . BoD – Books on Demand GmbH . 2011 . 978-3-8448-0179-8 . Norderstedt . 10 . de . Battleship Bismarck - The True Face of a Ship - Part 3.
11. Book: Gudenus . János . Összetört címerek: a magyar arisztokrácia sorsa és az 1945 utáni megpróbáltatások . Szentirmay . László . Mozaik . 1989 . 963-02-6114-6 . 27–28 . hu . Broken Coats-of-Arms: The Hungarian Aristocrats' Fate and the Scourge after 1945.
12. Web site: 6 August 2011 . Vietnam Vignette: The French Groupement Mobile 100 . 22 August 2023 . Parallel Narratives . fr.
13. Web site: 30 October 2013 . Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn Fast Facts . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220111210443/https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/30/world/meast/operation-iraqi-freedom-and-operation-new-dawn-fast-facts/index.html . 2022-01-11 . 2022-01-11 . Research . CNN Editorial.
14. Web site: 14 February 2005 . Former PM killed in Beirut blast . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190415074103/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/14/lebanon . 15 April 2019 . 17 March 2019 . The Guardian.
15. To Stop A Shooter . Jamie . Thompson . The Atlantic . 29 January 2024 . 24 March 2024 . 333. 2. subscription . 22 . 1072-7825.
16. Book: Greene, David . Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers . Doubleday . Garden City, N.Y . 1985 . 9780385142786 . 124.
17. Henry. John. Wilkins, John. 29421.
18. Book: Geoffrey Russell Richards Treasure. Who's who in British History: A-H. January 1998. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-884964-90-9. 1309–. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080417/https://books.google.com/books?id=fLeeV-mqlJMC&pg=PA1309. 13 February 2018.
19. Encyclopedia: Maria . . 25 . 1987 . 150 . Lars-Olof . Skoglund . sv . 2022-02-14 . 2022-02-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220201035147/https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=9105 . live .
20. Book: Power, Patrick . History of Waterford: city and county . Mercier Press . Dublin . 1990 . 9780853429456 . 309.
21. Book: Mehta, Jaswant Lal . Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 . 2005-01-01 . Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd . 978-1-932705-54-6 . 47 . 2020-02-21 . 2018-12-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181225163836/https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA47 . live .
22. Web site: Summary of Individual Legacies of British Slave-ownership . www.ucl.ac.uk . 8 January 2020 . 19 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200819222209/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/43274 . live .
23. Book: Mushkat, Jerome . Fernando Wood : a political biography . 1990 . Kent State University Press . 978-0-87338-413-1 . 2.
24. Book: Henry Louis. Gates. Evelyn Brooks. Higginbotham. The African American National Biography: Roman-Tzomes. 7. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2008. 284. 978-0-19516-019-2.
25. Book: Agashe. Trupti. Agashe. Gopal. Wad. Mugdha. Agashe Kulvrutant. The Agashe Family Genealogy. Mangdari Gharana. http://chitpavanagashepariwar.org.in/all_in_a_gharane2_06.php. The House of Mangdari. 2006. Surbhi Graphics. Hyderabad. 2nd. mr. 978-1-5323-4500-5. 61. 2021-08-16. 2018-09-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001725/http://chitpavanagashepariwar.org.in/. dead.
26. Web site: Dick Richards. westhamstats.info. 9 February 2020. 20 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200820051955/http://www.westhamstats.info/westham.php?west=2&ham=551&united=Dick_Richards. live.
27. Web site: Historical marker on Waukegan home honors Jack Benny on his birthday. Olson. Yadira Sanchez. Chicago Tribune. 16 February 2015 . April 10, 2020. April 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200410205718/https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/lake-county-news-sun/ct-lns-jack-benny-plaque-st-0216-20150215-story.html. live.
28. News: Fraser . C. Gerald . Jessica Dragonette, Singer, Dies; Popular Early-Radio Performer . May 9, 2021 . The New York Times . March 20, 1980 . B 15 . May 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509030901/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/20/archives/jessica-dragonette-singer-dies-popular-earlyradio-performer-began.html?searchResultPosition=1 . live .
29. Web site: Famous birthdays for Feb. 14: Simon Pegg, Rob Thomas . . 13 February 2024 . 14 February 2023.
30. Web site: City of Mississauga Celebrates Hazel McCallion Ahead of 100th Birthday . . 9 February 2021 . en-CA . 8 February 2021 . 9 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210209005028/https://www.mississauga.ca/city-of-mississauga-news/news/city-of-mississauga-celebrates-hazel-mccallion-ahead-of-100th-birthday/ . live .
31. Web site: Resume of Senator Enrile . Senate of the Philippines: 18th Congress . Senate of the Philippines . 14 February 2023.
32. Book: Bob. Eagle. Eric S.. LeBlanc. 2013. Blues: A Regional Experience. Praeger. Santa Barbara, California. 231 . 978-0313344237.
33. Web site: Clarence Reid, Singer and Songwriter Also Known as Blowfly, Dies at 76. Jon. Caramanica. January 22, 2016. The New York Times. February 14, 2022. August 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210807170612/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/arts/music/clarence-reid-singer-and-songwriter-also-known-as-blowfly-dies-at-76.html. live.
34. Book: The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Colin Larkin. Guinness Publishing. 1992. First. 0-85112-939-0. 1561.
35. Book: Laban, Brian . Winners: a who's who of motor racing champions . Orbis . London . 1981 . 9780856130427 . 131.
36. Book: Burgess . Colin . Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program . 2016 . Springer Praxis Books . Cham . 9783319241630 . 110.
37. Web site: About Alan Smith. Saints and Pilgrims. 7 February 2016. 28 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170628213648/http://saintsandpilgrims.org.uk/about.html. live.
38. News: Birthdays. The Guardian. 41. 14 February 2014.
39. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for February 14, 2023 includes celebrities Simon Pegg, Danai Gurira . . . 13 February 2024 . 14 February 2023.
40. Web site: Calle Johansson . . 13 February 2024.
41. Web site: Takashi Saito . . 13 February 2024.
42. Web site: Najwa ruge en su estreno como locutora de radio. 22 June 2012. 18 July 2018. es. Najwa roars at her premiere as a radio announcer. 18 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180718115341/http://www.rtve.es/radio/20120622/najwa-ruge-su-estreno-como-locutora-radio-3/539213.shtml. live.
43. Web site: Viktor Kozlov . . 13 February 2024.
44. Web site: Damaso Marte . . 13 February 2024.
45. Web site: Milan Hejduk . . 13 February 2024.
46. Web site: Kara Lawson . . 13 February 2024.
47. Web site: Jared Lorenzen . . 13 February 2024.
48. Web site: Philippe Senderos. soccerbase.com. 9 February 2020. 20 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200820054448/https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=30235. live.
49. Web site: Candice Wiggins . . 13 February 2024.
50. Web site: Emma Miskey. World Curling. February 14, 2022. February 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200220165152/http://results.worldcurling.org/Person/Details/5928. live.
51. Web site: Byron Mullens . . 13 February 2024.
52. Web site: Derek Norris . . 13 February 2024.
53. Web site: Kristian Thomas . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418040457/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/th/kristian-thomas-1.html . dead . 18 April 2020 . sports-reference.com . Sports Reference . 8 August 2014.
54. Web site: Chris Babb Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft Status and more. Basketball-Reference.com.
55. Web site: Bogdan Kiselevich . . 13 February 2024.
56. Web site: Daniela Mona Lambin . 2023-04-07 . Estonian Football Association.
57. http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/first-team-squad/christian-eriksen/ Christian Eriksen profile
58. Web site: Petr Mrazek . . 13 February 2024.
59. Web site: Jadeveon Clowney . . 13 February 2024.
60. Web site: Nikolaj Ehlers . . 13 February 2024.
61. Web site: 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia: List of players: France. FIFA. 11. 10 June 2018. 10 June 2018. 19 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180619164139/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF. live.
62. Web site: 재현 프로필. Naver. February 14, 2022. ko.
63. Web site: Breel Embolo. AS Monaco. 14 February 2024.
64. Web site: Tyler Adams . mlssoccer.com . February 13, 2024.
65. Web site: Gabriel Moreno Stats, Height, Weight, Position . baseball-reference.com . February 13, 2024.
66. News: Donald E. Chipman . Isidro de Espinosa . Handbook of Texas Online . May 8, 2010.
67. Ministeri Heikki Ritavuori murhattu . Tuleva Suomi . 1922 . 1–2 . 3 . Edistysseurojen Kustannus . February 14, 2022 . Finnish . July 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210731053219/https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/aikakausi/binding/501136?page=3 . live .
68. Web site: Charles Henry Turner African-American Entomologist & Zoologist Britannica . 2024-07-01 . www.britannica.com . en.
69. Web site: Kuolema merkitsi säveltäjä Erkki Melartinin – Musiikin syntymäpäiväkalenteri. Tiina-Maija. Lehtonen. Helsinki. Yle. February 7, 2019. February 7, 2022. fi. February 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220207101137/https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2019/02/07/kuolema-merkitsi-saveltaja-erkki-melartinin-musiikin-syntymapaivakalenteri. live.
70. Book: Fries . Jana Esther . Gutsmiedl-Schümann . Doris . Ausgräberinnen, Forscherinnen, Pionierinnen: Ausgewählte Porträts früher Archäologinnen im Kontext ihrer Zeit . 2013 . Waxmann Verlag . 978-3-8309-7872-5 . 217–219 and 222 . de . 2020-12-24 . 2022-02-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220214145356/https://books.google.com/books?id=mPje7098z0gC&pg=PA218 . live .
71. Web site: BBC - h2g2 - The Jeeves and Wooster Stories by PG Wodehouse . www.bbc.co.uk . 14 February 2024.
72. Web site: Peter Koch papers (1948-1998) - Archives West. archiveswest.orbiscascade.org. May 31, 2022.
73. Web site: Edge. Tim. Death of a Martyr. GWU. 24 March 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130719134112/http://www.gwu.edu/~uwp/fyw/euonymous/2005-2006/06-edgefinal.pdf. 19 July 2013. dmy-all.  
74. Web site: 2008-02-16 . Veteran film-TV actor was in `Chinatown’ . 2024-07-01 . Whittier Daily News . en-US.
75. News: Steven Stucky, Composer Who Won a Pulitzer, Dies at 66 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/16/arts/music/steven-stucky-composer-who-won-a-pulitzer-dies-at-66.html . 2022-01-02 . limited . live . Anthony . Tommasini . Anthony Tommasini . . B11 . 15 February 2016.
76. News: Longest-Serving Dutch Premier, Ruud Lubbers, Dies at 78 . . 14 February 2018 . 14 February 2018 . 24 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053212/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/02/14/world/europe/ap-eu-netherlands-obit-lubbers.html . live .
77. News: Zimbabwe opposition leader Tsvangirai dies. 14 February 2018. BBC News. 14 February 2018. en-GB. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180214193133/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-43066175. 14 February 2018. dmy-all.
78. News: Carlos Saúl Menem, Who Led Argentina Through Economic Turmoil, Dies at 90. 14 February 2021. NY Times. 14 February 2021. en-GB. live. 14 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210214154108/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/14/obituaries/carlos-saul-menem-dead.html.
79. https://insideeko.com/william-meninger-death-obituary-dead-passed-away/ William Meninger Death
80. Web site: Valentine's Day Definition, History, & Traditions Britannica . www.britannica.com . 14 February 2023 . en . 14 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214035926/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Valentines-Day . live.