Feather Headwaters Explained

The Feather Headwaters is the watershed of the Feather River above Lake Oroville, totaling 3450sqmi. Subdivided into 3 watersheds, the North Fork Feather Watershed is 1090sqmi—including the West Branch drainage of about 282.5sqmi, the East Branch North Fork Feather Watershed is 1010sqmi,[1] and the Middle Fork Feather Watershed is 1350sqmi—including the South Fork drainage of about 132sqmi.[2] Headwaters drainage is impaired by the Palermo Canal at Oroville Dam, the Hendricks Canal at the West Branch Feather River, and the Miners Ranch Canal at the South Fork's Ponderosa Reservoir. Additionally, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company releases Upper Feather water into the Hyatt Generating-Pumping Plant for hydroelectric generation during daily peak demand.

North Fork

The North Fork Feather Watershed (USGS huc 18020121) includes the West Branch and North Fork rivers and receives flow from the East Branch North Fork Feather Watershed.

West Branch: The West Branch (or West Fork) Feather River originates in Butte County and Lassen National Forest and flows near the North Fork watershed's drainage divide with the Mills-Big Chico Watershed generally north-to-south to the northwest arm of Lake Oroville. The West Branch flow is impaired by up to 125cuft/s diverted to the 8.66miles Hendricks Canal, and the Magalia 73 Dam conveys water to the Lime Saddle and Coal Canyon powerhouses near Lake Oroville, then to a Thermalito powerplant.[3] The Little West Fork West Branch River is a similarly named West Branch tributary.
North Fork: The North Fork Feather River is the Feather River's source tributary with the largest watershed area and the highest average discharge into Lake Oroville. The fork's portion of the Feather River Canyon is notable as part of the Feather River Route, and the railroad's 1962 North Fork Bridge near the river's mouth is the longest reinforced concrete bridge in the United States.[4] The East Branch North Fork Feather River is the largest tributary of the North Fork, and the headwaters of the North Fork Feather watershed extend from Lassen Peak in the Shasta Cascades to the east slope of Indicator Peak in the northern Sierras.

East Branch North Fork

The East Branch Feather Watershed (USGS huc 18020122) is the middle watershed of the headwaters of the Feather River basin and includes the American and Indian valleys.

East Branch: The East Branch North Fork Feather River is a left tributary of the North Fork Feather River extending past Twain to near Belden.[5] East Branch headwaters begin along ~46miles of the Sierra Crest from the triple watershed point with the North Fork (Bear Valley Creek headwaters) across Diamond Mountain (Indian Creek), Black Mountain, and the Middle Fork triple point.

Middle Fork

The Middle Fork Feather Watershed (USGS huc 18020123) includes the Middle Fork Feather River, the Fall River, and the South Fork Feather River; as well as the Grizzly Valley

Middle Fork: The Middle Fork Feather River drains from over 41miles of the Sierra Crest and from the Sierra Valley Channels through the Sierra Valley (location of its source) to the tip of the middle arm of Lake Oroville. The channels are a number of tributaries that merge in an inverted river delta wetland with a network of irrigation ditches and drains. From its source, the Middle fork flows through Mohawk Valley, Long Valley, and then enters a gorge before reaching the middle arm of Lake Oroville.[6] The South Branch Middle Fork Feather River is a similarly named Middle Fork tributary.
Fall River: The Fall River is a Lake Oroville source tributary that drains a south portion of the Middle Fork Watershed and which enters the lake along the shore of the North Arm, 0.39miles from the Middle Fork's mouth at the tip of the arm. The river is notable as the source of water for Feather Falls in the Lake Oroville State Recreation Area.[7]
South Fork: The South Fork Feather River is a Lake Oroville source tributary with several reservoirs in the southernmost portion of the Middle Fork Feather Watershed, including Little Grass Valley Reservoir.

The broad drainage divide of the Feather Headwaters lies northwest-to-southeast along 1) the divide with the Lower Pit Watershed (north of the North Fork Feather Watershed), 2) the Great Basin Divide at the Eagle-Honey Watershed (north & northeast of the North Fork Feather Watershed), 3) the northern Sierra Crest (northeast of the North Fork Feather & East Branch North Fork Feather watersheds), and 4) the northern Sierra Crest (east of the Middle Fork Feather Watershed) to the Truckee Watershed triple point in Sierra County.[8]

History

The Maidu inhabited the American and Sierra Valleys and had villages in the Big Meadows area (now Lake Almanor) and Indian Valley. The Washoe hunted in the Sierra and Mohawk Valleys, and Paiute and Washoe settlements were in the Long Valley area.[9] The 1849 California Gold Rush brought thousands of prospectors and settlers to the region. The American and Indian Valleys were settled in the 1850s. In the Sierra Valley the first settlers arrived in 1852.[9] Operations at the Lime Saddle and Coal Canyon hydroelectric powerhouses along the North Fork began August 1, 1906, and December 24, 1907.[10] The 1909 Feather River Route was built through the Feather River Canyon along the North Fork and East Branch and crossed under the mid-Sierra drainage divide between the East Branch and Middle Fork watersheds via the Spring Garden tunnel. Other historical Feather River Route features (west-to-east) in the Feather Headwaters are the Keddie Wye, Williams Loop, Clio trestle, & Chilcoot Tunnel.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units . USGS.gov . 2010-08-22.
    a. Web site: sum, USGS watershed values (Lower Feather + North Fork + East Branch + Middle Fork + Honcut Headwaters + Upper Yuba + Lower Yuba + Upper Bear + Lower Bear . Google Calculator . 2010-09-24.
  2. http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly/?referred_module=sw&site_no=11397000&por_11397000_1=2209449,00060,1,1911-10,1966-09&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list USGS Gage #11397000 on the South Fork Feather River at Enterprise
  3. Web site: Pacific Gas and Electric Company's Application for Authorization to Divest Its Hydroelectric Generating Facilities and Related Assets, Section 4: Hydrology & Water Quality . Battle Creek Watershed Conservancy . 4 August 2010 . 23 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723023248/http://www.battle-creek.net/docs/lnf/4.03-Hydrology.pdf . dead .
  4. Web site: Oxlade . John . 31 December 2003 . Out-n-About - The Feather River Canyon, California, USA . WorldRailFans.info . 2010-09-11 . the actual "canyon" portion petween Pulga and Keddie is only approx. 42 miles. https://web.archive.org/web/20110728183011/http://www.worldrailfans.info/Articles/US/FeatherRiverCanyon.shtml . 28 July 2011 . dead .
  5. Web site: Plumas National Forest map . 2010-08-22.
  6. ACME Mapper . USGS Topo Maps for United States . . 2010-09-16 .
  7. Web site: Wet Winter Strengthens Cascading Waterfalls in California State Parks . . 2010-09-27.
  8. Web site: North/East/Middle Feather & Upper Yuba ↔ Honey-Eagle watersheds . county & watersheds map with url list . Surf Your Watershed . 2010-09-07.
  9. Web site: George . Holly . David Lile . Cheree Childers . Cindy Noble . Andrea Oilar . Katherine Haworth . Kristen Schmidt . Gabe Miller . Upper Feather River Watershed (UFRW) Irrigation Discharge Management Program . University of California . 2010-09-07 . It was after the gold rush of 1849, when white man first settled in the main valleys. The American and Indian Valleys were settled by immigrants in the 1850s. It was reported that settlers first came into Sierra Valley in 1852. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100612162819/http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/1820/36228.pdf . 2010-06-12 .
  10. http://www.energy.ca.gov/portfolio/documents/List_RPS_CERT.pdf California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) List of Facilities

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Feather Headwaters".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.