Fassuta Explained

Fassouta
Translit Lang1:Hebrew
Translit Lang1 Type1:ISO 259
Translit Lang1 Info1:P̄assúṭa
Pushpin Map:Israel northwest#Israel
Pushpin Mapsize:250
Coordinates:33.0494°N 35.3058°W
Grid Name:Grid position
Grid Position:179/272 PAL
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type2:District
Subdivision Name2:Northern
Unit Pref:dunam
Population Density Km2:auto
Blank Name Sec1:Name meaning
Blank Info Sec1:Fassute, personal name[1]

Fassouta (Arabic: فسوطة, Hebrew: פַסּוּטָה{{popdf) is a Christian Arab village in the Galilee. It is located on the northwestern slopes of Mount Meron, south of the Lebanese border.[2] In it had a population of, nearly all of whom are Melkite Christian Arabs.[3]

History

Archaeological excavations at Fassuta have revealed settlement from the Early Bronze Age, through the Iron Age, Hellenistic and the Mamluk eras.[4] [5] [6] [7]

From approximately 70 CE to 450 CE, Fassuta was the site of a Jewish town called Mafsheta. [8] Mafsheta is associated with one of the twenty-four priestly divisions, as the residence of the priestly clan known as Harim.[9]

In the Crusader era Fassuta was known as Fassove.[10] In 1183, Godfrey de Tor sold the village land to Joscelin III.[11] In 1220 Jocelyn III's daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Fassove, to the Teutonic Knights.[12] [13]

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, Fassuta was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. In the 1596 tax records it was part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Safad Sanjak and had a population of 12 Muslim households and 3 Muslim bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 20% on wheat, barley, fruit trees, and goats or beehives.[14]

In 1838 Fesutha was described as a Christian and Druze village in the El-Jebel district, west of Safed.[15]

In 1875, Guerin found "twenty united Greek families" living in the village which had been built on an ancient site, of which there were many remains.[16]

In 1881, the PEF's "Survey of Western Palestine" (SWP) described Fassuta as "a village, built of stone, containing about 200 Christians, situated on ridge, with gardens of figs, olives, and arable land. There are two cisterns in the village, and a good spring near."[17]

According to a population list from 1887, there were 570 inhabitants.[18]

British Mandate

At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate, Fassuta had a population of 459: 444 Christians and 15 Muslims.[19] The Christians included 1 Orthodox Christian, 18 Syrian Orthodox, and 425 Melkites.[20] In the 1931 census, the combined population of Fassuta and Mansura was 507 Palestinian Christians and 81 Muslims, living in a total of 129 houses.[21]

In the 1945 statistics Fassuta had 1,050 inhabitants.[22] The combined population of Fassuta, Al-Mansura and Dayr al-Qasi was 2,300, and their total land area was 34,011 dunums.[23] [24] 1,607 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 6,475 used for cereals,[25] while 247 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[26] Between 1922 and 1947, the population of Fassuta increased by 120%.[27]

Israel

At the end of October 1948, during Operation Hiram, the village was captured by the Israeli army. Most of the Muslims fled or were expelled but many Christians remained. In December 1949 the Israel Defense Forces devised a plan to create a 5–10 km Arab-free zone along the Lebanon border by ordering those who remained in Fassuta and five other villages to leave. However, the plan was rejected, [28] and the village remained under martial Law until 1966.

In April 2023, a resident of Fassuta was injured in a rocket attack from Lebanon attributed to the militant group Hamas.[29] [30]

Demographics

In 2005, Fassuta had a population of 2,900, with an annual population growth rate of 0.9%. All were Christian Arabs of the Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church.[31]

Religion and culture

The Mar Elias Church in Fassuta celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2007. The church is named for Elias, the village's patron saint. A large statue of Elijah stands in the central square.

Beit Rima is a center for culture, tourism and art established in a historic home in Fassuta.[32]

Archaeology

In 1875, Guerin found "numerous cisterns, a great reservoir, vestiges of many ruined houses, fine cut stones marking out floors, and a dozen of winepresses nearly perfect. These winepresses are all on the same model. Worked in the rock, they consisted of two compartments, one larger, in which the grapes were placed, and one smaller and lower down, in which the juice was received." In the church Guerin saw a Corinthian pillar, probably Byzantine, carved with a cross. Above the door was a frieze finely decorated with flowers and foliage.[33]

Notable people

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Palmer, 1881, p. 72
  2. News: Galilee Villages Launch Campaign to Attract Christian Pilgrims. Stern, Yoav. 2007-04-30. Haaretz. 2019-02-18.
  3. News: Celebrating Christmas in Israel's ancient Greek Catholic villages. Ynetnews . 23 December 2018. Ynet.
  4. Bron, 2007, Fassuta
  5. Tahan, 2009, Fassuta
  6. Bron, 2010, Fassuta
  7. Abu-‘Uqsa, 2013, Fassuta, Survey
  8. Book: Grootkerk, Shlomo . Ancient Sites in Galilee . 2000-04-27 . BRILL . 978-90-474-0027-1 . 63.
  9. Book: Hareuveni, Imanuel . Eretz Israel Lexicon . CET . 2010 . 507.
  10. https://books.google.com/books?id=AB_aW2OLSrQC&pg=PA11 Arabesques: A Novel
  11. Strehlke, 1869, pp. 15-16, No. 16; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 125, No. 624; cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 257, 264
  12. Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 248, No. 934; cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 257, 264
  13. News: An Arab Voice in Israel. The New York Times. Marzorati, Gerald. 1988-09-11. 2008-10-25.
  14. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 194
  15. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 133
  16. Guérin, 1880, p. 67
  17. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 197
  18. Schumacher, 1888, p. 191
  19. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  20. Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.50
  21. Mills, 1932, p. 100
  22. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
  23. http://domino.un.org/pdfs/AAC25ComTech7Add1.pdf Village Statistics April 1945, The Palestine Government
  24. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40
  25. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80
  26. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130
  27. Transformation in Arab Settlement, Moshe Brawer, in The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography, Ruth Kark (ed), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, p.177
  28. Morris, 1987, pp. 225, 242, 251
  29. News: 2023-04-06 . Israel blames Hamas for Lebanon rocket barrage as tensions rise . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-10-22.
  30. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . Two lightly wounded by shrapnel in rocket attacks from Lebanon . 2023-10-22 . www.timesofisrael.com . en-US.
  31. http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications16/local_authorities14_1642/pdf/844_0535.pdf פסוטה 2014
  32. Web site: The Rima House — Visitors Center & Workshops . 2024-03-06 . WGN . en-US.
  33. Guérin, 1880, p. 67, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 222
  34. Book: El-Asmar, Fouzi. To Be an Arab in Israel. Frances Pinter. 1975. London. 177–8. 0-903804-08-5.
  35. Web site: Anton Shammas. Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center. 2008-10-25. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080607141248/http://www.sakakini.org/literature/anton.htm. 2008-06-07.

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