Fasciclin domain explained

Symbol:	Fasciclin
Fasciclin
Pfam:	PF02469
Interpro:	IPR000782
Scop:	1o70

In molecular biology, the fasciclin domain (FAS1 domain) is an extracellular domain of about 140 amino acid residues. It has been suggested that the FAS1 domain represents an ancient cell adhesion domain common to plants and animals;^[1] related FAS1 domains are also found in bacteria.^[2]

The crystal structure of FAS1 domains 3 and 4 of fasciclin I from Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) has been determined, revealing a novel domain fold consisting of a seven-stranded beta wedge and at least five alpha helices; two well-ordered N-acetylglucosamine groups attached to a conserved asparagine are located in the interface region between the two FAS1 domains.^[3] Fasciclin I is an insect neural cell adhesion molecule involved in axonal guidance that is attached to the membrane by a GPI-anchored protein.

FAS1 domains are present in many secreted and membrane-anchored proteins. These proteins are usually GPI anchored and consist of: (i) a single FAS1 domain, (ii) a tandem array of FAS1 domains, or (iii) FAS1 domain(s) interspersed with other domains.

Proteins known to contain a FAS1 domain include:

• Fasciclin I (4 FAS1 domains).
• Human TGF-beta induced Ig-H3 (BIgH3) protein (4 FAS1 domains), where the FAS1 domains mediate cell adhesion through an interaction with alpha3/beta1 integrin; mutation in the FAS1 domains result in corneal dystrophy.^[4]
• Volvox major cell adhesion protein (2 FAS1 domains).^[1]
• Arabidopsis thaliana fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (2 FAS1 domains).^[5]
• Mammalian stabilin protein, a family of fasciclin-like hyaluronan receptor homologues (7 FAS1 domains).^[6]
• Human extracellular matrix protein periostin (4 FAS1 domains).
• Bacterial immunogenic protein MPT70 (1 FAS1 domain).^[7]

The FAS1 domains of both human periostin and BIgH3 proteins were found to contain vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamate residues.^[8] Gamma-carboxyglutamate residues are more commonly associated with GLA domains, where they occur through post-translational modification catalysed by the vitamin K-dependent enzyme gamma-glutamylcarboxylase.

See also

• Fasciclin 2

Notes and References

1. Huber O, Sumper M . Algal-CAMs: isoforms of a cell adhesion molecule in embryos of the alga Volvox with homology to Drosophila fasciclin I . EMBO J. . 13 . 18 . 4212–22 . September 1994 . 7925267 . 395348 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06741.x.
2. Ulstrup JC, Jeansson S, Wiker HG, Harboe M . Relationship of secretion pattern and MPB70 homology with osteoblast-specific factor 2 to osteitis following Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination . Infect. Immun. . 63 . 2 . 672–5 . February 1995 . 7822037 . 173047 . 10.1128/IAI.63.2.672-675.1995.
3. Clout NJ, Tisi D, Hohenester E . Novel fold revealed by the structure of a FAS1 domain pair from the insect cell adhesion molecule fasciclin I . Structure . 11 . 2 . 197–203 . February 2003 . 12575939 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(03)00002-9. free .
4. Kim JE, Kim SJ, Lee BH, Park RW, Kim KS, Kim IS . Identification of motifs for cell adhesion within the repeated domains of transforming growth factor-beta-induced gene, betaig-h3 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 40 . 30907–15 . October 2000 . 10906123 . 10.1074/jbc.M002752200 . free .
5. Faik A, Abouzouhair J, Sarhan F . Putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan-proteins (FLA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa): identification and bioinformatic analyses . Mol. Genet. Genomics . 276 . 5 . 478–94 . November 2006 . 16944204 . 10.1007/s00438-006-0159-z . 24825276 .
6. Kzhyshkowska J, Gratchev A, Martens JH, Pervushina O, Mamidi S, Johansson S, Schledzewski K, Hansen B, He X, Tang J, Nakayama K, Goerdt S . Stabilin-1 localizes to endosomes and the trans-Golgi network in human macrophages and interacts with GGA adaptors . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 76 . 6 . 1151–61 . December 2004 . 15345724 . 10.1189/jlb.0504300 . 20040432 . free .
7. Matsumoto S, Matsuo T, Ohara N, Hotokezaka H, Naito M, Minami J, Yamada T . Cloning and sequencing of a unique antigen MPT70 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and expression in BCG using E. coli-mycobacteria shuttle vector . Scand. J. Immunol. . 41 . 3 . 281–7 . March 1995 . 7871388 . 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03565.x. 12514892 .
8. Coutu DL, Wu JH, Monette A, Rivard GE, Blostein MD, Galipeau J . Periostin, a member of a novel family of vitamin K-dependent proteins, is expressed by mesenchymal stromal cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 283 . 26 . 17991–8001 . June 2008 . 18450759 . 10.1074/jbc.M708029200 . free .