Falcon 9 Block 5 Explained

Falcon 9 Block 5
Function:Medium-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer:SpaceX
Country-Origin:United States
Height: with payload fairing[1]
Diameter:[2]
Stages:2
Capacities:
Location:LEO
Inclination:28.5°
Location:GTO
Inclination:27°
Location:TMI
Family:Falcon 9
Derived From:Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Status:Active
Fail: (Starlink Group 9–3)
Landings: / attempts
First: (Bangabandhu-1)
Stagedata:
Type:stage
Stageno:First
Engines:9 × Merlin 1D+
Thrust:[3] [4]
Fuel:LOX / RP-1[5]
Type:stage
Diff:standard
Stageno:Second
Engines:1 × Merlin 1D Vacuum
Fuel:LOX / RP-1
Type:stage
Diff:short nozzle
Stageno:Second
Engines:1 × Merlin 1D Vacuum
Fuel:LOX / RP-1

Falcon 9 Block 5 is a partially reusable, human-rated, two-stage-to-orbit, medium-lift launch vehicle designed and manufactured in the United States by SpaceX. It is the fifth major version of the Falcon 9 family and the third version of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust.[6] [7] It is powered by Merlin 1D engines burning rocket-grade kerosene (RP-1) and liquid oxygen (LOX).

The main changes from Block 3 (the original Falcon 9 Full Thust) to Block 5 are higher-thrust engines and improvements to the landing legs along with numerous other small changes to streamline recovery and re-use of first-stage boosters and increase the production rate. Each Block 5 booster is designed to fly ten times with only minor maintenance between launches and potentially up to 100 times with periodic refurbishment.

In 2018, Block 5 succeeded the transitional Block 4 version. The maiden flight of the Block 5 launched the satellite Bangabandhu-1 on May 11, 2018. The CRS-15 mission on June 29, 2018, was the last to be launched on a Block 4 rocket, completing the transition to an all-Block 5 fleet.[8] [9]

Overview

The Block 5 design changes are principally driven by upgrades needed for NASA's Commercial Crew program and National Security Space Launch requirements.[10] They include performance upgrades, manufacturing improvements, and increase the margin for demanding customers.[11]

In April 2017, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said that Block 5 will feature 7–8% more thrust by uprating the engines (from to per engine).[12] Block 5 includes an improved flight control system for an optimized angle of attack on the descent, lowering landing fuel requirements.

For reusability endurance:

For rapid reusability:

Improvements

Since the debut of Block 5, SpaceX has continued to iterate on its design, manufacturing processes, and operational procedures.[21] Among other changes, the initial Block 5 boosters did not have the redesigned composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV2) tanks.[22] The first booster with COPV2 tanks was booster B1047 on the Es'hail 2 mission on November 15, 2018, and the second booster using the COPV2 tanks was CRS-16/B1050, which had its first launch on December 5, 2018.[23] Later Block 5 boosters are also easier to prepare for flight, so SpaceX "prefer to retire" older cores by assigning them to expendable missions when possible.

A pressure relief valve was added to the grid fins’ hydraulic system following a stall that resulted in a landing failure in 2018.[24] [25] Similarly, after a booster was damaged at sea in 2022, much of the fleet was upgraded with "self-leveling" landing legs. These legs help ensure the booster can be properly secured to the Octograbber, even in suboptimal sea states.[26]

To improve the rocket's performance, SpaceX has tweaked throttle settings and separation timings.[27]

Mission extension kits

SpaceX CRS-18 featured a Falcon mission-extension kit to the standard second stage, which equipped the second stage with a dark-painted band (for thermal control), extra COPVs for pressurization control, and additional TEA-TEB ignition fluid. The upgrades afforded the second stage with the endurance needed to inject the payloads directly into geosynchronous or high energy orbit where the second stage needs hours after launch.[28] Based on mission requirements, they are Medium Coast & Long Coast kits, i.e., the number of helium bottles for pressurization and added batteries for power and other hardware to make sure that the fuel and stages systems operate as long as needed.[29] [30]

Short nozzle second stage

The Transporter-7 mission marked the debut of a second stage with a Merlin 1D Vacuum engine with a shorter nozzle extension designed to accelerate production and reduce costs. Unlike the first stage, the second stage on the Falcon 9 is not reused. This variant sacrifices 10% thrust in exchange for a 75% reduction in material usage, primarily the rare metal niobium. As a result, SpaceX can triple its launch frequency using the same amount of this critical resource. Due to its reduced performance, this nozzle is exclusively used on missions with lower performance requirements.[31] [32]

Human rating

The NASA certification processes of the 2010s specified seven flights of any launch vehicle without major design changes before the vehicle would be NASA-certified for human spaceflight, and allowed to fly NASA astronauts.

The Block 5 design launched astronauts for the first time on May 30, 2020, on a NASA-contracted flight, Crew Dragon Demo-2.[33] This was the first crewed orbital spaceflight launched from the United States since the final Space Shuttle mission in 2011, and the first ever operated by a commercial provider.[34]

Specifications

Specifications and characteristics are as follows:[35] [36] [37]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Falcon User's Guide . February 26, 2019 . January 14, 2019 . December 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202093334/https://www.spacex.com/media/falcon_users_guide_042020.pdf . dead .
  2. Web site: Falcon 9 . SpaceX . April 30, 2016 . November 16, 2012.
  3. Web site: Bangabandhu Satellite-1 Mission . SpaceX . May 11, 2018 . February 25, 2019 . YouTube.
  4. Web site: FALCON 9 . SpaceX . SpaceX . March 2, 2019 . July 15, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130715094112/https://www.spacex.com/falcon9 . dead .
  5. elonmusk . 677666779494248449 . December 17, 2015 . -340 F in this case. Deep cryo increases density and amplifies rocket performance. First time anyone has gone this low for O2. [RP-1 chilled] from 70F to 20 F . December 19, 2015.
  6. Web site: Falcon 9 & Falcon Heavy. The v1.2 design was constantly improved upon over time, leading to different sub-versions or “Blocks”. The initial design, flying on the maiden flight, was thus referred to as Block 1. The final design which has largely stayed static since 2018 is the Block 5 variant.. February 3, 2021. July 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200721035853/https://spacex-info.com/falcon-9-falcon-heavy/. dead.
  7. Web site: Acme Engineering. February 3, 2021.
  8. Web site: SpaceX will transition all launches to Falcon 9 Block 5 rockets after next mission . Ralph . Eric . June 5, 2018 . TESLARATI.com . en-US . February 26, 2019.
  9. Web site: Dragon Resupply Mission (CRS-15) . Shanklin . Emily . June 29, 2018 . SpaceX . February 26, 2019 . May 24, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190524211848/https://www.spacex.com/news/2018/06/29/dragon-resupply-mission-crs-15 . dead .
  10. Web site: Falcon-9 v1.2 (Block 5) (Falcon-9FT (Block 5)) . June 27, 2022 . Gunter's Space Page . en.
  11. Web site: NASA Holds Pre-launch Briefing at Historic Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center . February 17, 2017 . NASA . Youtube.
  12. News: Musk previews busy year ahead for SpaceX . Spaceflight Now . Clark . Stephen . April 4, 2017 . April 7, 2018.
  13. https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/21/17590448/spacex-falcon-9-launch-block-5-telstar-19-vantage-telesat SpaceX is about to land a whole lot more rockets
  14. News: SpaceX flies historic 10th mission of a Falcon 9 as Starlink constellation expands. May 8, 2021. July 1, 2021.
  15. https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a20152543/spacex-test-fire-new-falcon-9-block-5/ SpaceX Test-Fires New Falcon 9 Block 5 Rocket Ahead of Maiden Flight (Updated)
  16. Elon Musk on Twitter: I don't want be cavalier, but there isn't an obvious limit. 100+ flights are possible. Some parts will need to be replaced or upgraded.
  17. Web site: Flying with larger & significantly upgraded hypersonic grid fins. Single piece cast & cut titanium. Can take reentry heat with no shielding. . Musk . Elon . June 24, 2017 . @elonmusk . en . March 16, 2018.
  18. Web site: SpaceX Test-Fires New Falcon 9 Block 5 Rocket Ahead of Maiden Flight (Updated) . May 4, 2018 . Popular Mechanics.
  19. Web site: Octaweb Structure. July 10, 2021. www.thespacetechie.com.
  20. Web site: I am Andy Lambert, SpaceX's VP of Production. Ask me anything about production & manufacturing, and what it's like to be a part of our team! . April 24, 2018 . reddit.com.
  21. Web site: SpaceX Building Airline-Type Flight Ops For Launch Aviation Week Network . January 15, 2023 . aviationweek.com.
  22. Web site: Clark . Stephen . New helium tank for SpaceX crew launches still waiting to fly – Spaceflight Now . December 6, 2018 . en-US.
  23. Web site: December 5, 2018 . SpaceX landing mishap won't affect upcoming launches . December 6, 2018 . SpaceNews.com.
  24. Elon Musk & NASA/SpaceX DM1 – Post Launch Press Conference . en . 12:02 . April 13, 2024 . www.youtube.com.
  25. Web site: Graham . William . December 5, 2018 . Falcon 9 successfully lofts CRS-16 Dragon enroute to ISS – Booster spins out but soft lands in water . April 13, 2024 . NASASpaceFlight.com . en-US.
  26. 1739640175183945860 . TurkeyBeaver . ...Tippy boosters occur when you get a certain set of landing conditions that lead to the legs having uneven loading... In this state, securing with the OG is super challenging and often only partial successful. We came up with self leveling legs that immediately equalize leg loads on landing after experiencing a severe tippy booster two years ago on Christmas (first flight of 1069). The fleet is mostly outfitted, but 1058, given its age, was not... . Kiko . Dontchev.
  27. Web site: Clark . Stephen . SpaceX launches heaviest payload on Falcon 9 rocket – Spaceflight Now . January 27, 2023 . en-US.
  28. Web site: Ralph . Eric . October 11, 2022 . SpaceX's first Falcon Heavy launch in three years eyes late-October liftoff . October 11, 2022 . TESLARATI . en-US.
  29. Web site: Sesnic . Trevor . July 22, 2023 . EchoStar 24 Falcon Heavy . July 29, 2023 . Everyday Astronaut . en-US.
  30. Web site: Falcon rockets use three configurations of their upper stage. How are they different? . July 31, 2023 .
  31. Web site: Sesnic . Trevor . July 22, 2023 . EchoStar 24 Falcon Heavy . July 29, 2023 . Everyday Astronaut . en-US.
  32. Web site: Transporter 7 . March 17, 2023.
  33. Web site: NASA, Partners Update Commercial Crew Launch Dates – Commercial Crew Program . blogs.nasa.gov . February 6, 2019 . en-US . February 26, 2019.
  34. News: SpaceX Speeding Astronauts to Space Station in Landmark Trip. Bloomberg News. May 30, 2020.
  35. Web site: Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle Payload User's Guide, Rev 2. SpaceX. 27 January 2016. 21 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170314002928/http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/falcon_9_users_guide_rev_2.0.pdf. 14 March 2017. dead.
  36. Web site: SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.2 Data Sheet . https://web.archive.org/web/20151114031953/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/falcon9ft.html . usurped . 14 November 2015 . Space Launch Report. 14 August 2017. 2 April 2018.
  37. May 2017 . Fiche Technique: Falcon-9 . Technical data sheet: Falcon 9 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172058/http://www.espace-exploration.com/fr/numeros/672-espace-et-exploration-n%C2%B039 . 21 August 2017 . 27 June 2017 . Espace & Exploration . 36–37 . fr . 39.
  38. Web site: Falcon Users Guide . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190220122638/https://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/falcon_users_guide_02182019.pdf . 20 February 2019 . 22 February 2019.