A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate).[1] In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, schools, or departments, with universities occasionally using a mixture of terminology, e.g., Harvard University has a Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Law School.
The medieval University of Bologna, which served as a model for most of the later medieval universities in Europe, had four faculties: students began at the Faculty of Arts, graduates from which could then continue at the higher Faculties of Theology, Law, and Medicine. The privilege to establish these four faculties was usually part of medieval universities' charters, but not every university could do so in practice.
The Faculty of Arts took its name from the seven liberal arts: the trivium[2] (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and the quadrivium[3] (arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and related universities, it would more often be called the Faculty of Philosophy.[4] The degree of Magister Artium (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (Doctor of Philosophy) derives its name from the Faculty of Philosophy, German name of the same faculty. Whether called Faculty of Arts or Faculty of Philosophy, it taught a range of subjects with general and fundamental applicability.
The higher Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine were intended, much like today, for specialized education required for professions. The Faculty of Theology was the most prestigious, as well as least common in the first 500 years—and generally one that popes sought most to control. Although also a professional education for clergy, theology (until the Enlightenment) was also seen as the ultimate subject at universities, named "The Queen of the Sciences", and often set the example for the other faculties.
The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the traditional four faculties and through the absorption of academic disciplines that developed within originally vocational schools, in areas such as engineering or agriculture.
A Faculty of Arts is a university division teaching in areas traditionally classified as "liberal arts" for academic purposes (from Latin, "worthy of a free person", and, "art or principled practice"), generally including creative arts, writing, philosophy, and humanities.
A traditional division of the teaching bodies of medieval universities (the others being Law, Medicine and Theology), the Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank but also the largest (the higher faculties admitted only Arts graduates).[5] Instead of "Arts", this faculty often had the name "Philosophy". Nowadays this is still a common name for faculties teaching humanities (e.g.,) Norwegian: [[:no:Det filosofiske fakultet|Det filosofiske fakultet]], Slovenian: [[:sl:Filozofska fakulteta v Ljubljani|Filozofska fakulteta]]).
A Faculty of Classics may be focused on ancient history, culture and ancient literature. The title may refer to the following faculties:
Faculty of Commerce examples include:
Faculty of Economics (Ekonomski fakultet in most South Slavic languages) may refer to, amongst others:
Faculty of Education examples include:
Faculty of Engineering examples include:
The title, Faculty of Graduate Studies, refers not to a specific area of study, but to a graduate school. Examples include:
A Faculty of Health is a university faculty that can teach a range of disciplines which can include nursing and midwifery, public health, health services management and sports science. Examples include:
A Faculty of Humanities is a university faculty teaching humanities.
Examples include:
A Faculty of Information Technology is a university faculty teaching information technology.
Examples include:
See main article: Legal education.
A Faculty of Law is a university faculty teaching law, or a law school faculty.
Examples include:
Aligarh Muslim University
Banaras Hindu University
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Göttingen University
Heidelberg University
Istanbul Commerce University
Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch
Lakehead University
McGill University
Monash University
National University of Singapore
Queen's University
Saint Petersburg State University
Thammasat University
Thompson Rivers University
Université de Montréal
University of Alberta
University of Belgrade
University of British Columbia
University of Calcutta
University of Calgary
University of Cambridge
University of Colombo
University of Copenhagen
University of Delhi
University of Graz
University of Hong Kong
Istanbul Medeniyet University
University of Ljubljana
University of Montenegro
University of Mostar
University of National and World Economy
University of New Brunswick
University of Osijek
University of Oslo
University of Otago
University of Ottawa
University of Oxford
University of Paris-XII
University of Pretoria
University of Sarajevo
University of Tasmania
University of Toronto
University of Victoria
University of Waikato
University of Windsor
University of Zagreb
Victoria University of Wellington
A Faculty of Management Studies is a university division teaching management studies.
Examples include:
In English-speaking academia, Faculty of Music normally refers to a university department, especially at Oxford and Cambridge (UK). In the US, the use of 'faculty' often relates to academic and teaching staff.
Examples include:
Faculty of Natural Sciences examples include
A Faculty of Philosophy is a university faculty teaching philosophy, or in some cases, humanities in general.
In the universities of continental Europe, the Faculty of Arts has more often been named the equivalent of "Faculty of Philosophy" (e.g., Norwegian: [[:no:Det filosofiske fakultet|Det filosofiske fakultet]], Slovenian: [[:sl:Filozofska fakulteta v Ljubljani|Filozofska fakulteta]]). Nowadays this is a common name for the faculties teaching humanities.
Examples include:
Faculty of Political Science examples include: