Faculty of Law of Paris explained

Faculty of Law of Paris
Native Name:French: Faculté de droit de Paris
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Established:12th century
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The Faculty of Law of Paris (French: Faculté de droit de Paris), called from the late 1950s to 1970 the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris, is the second-oldest faculty of law in the world and one of the four and eventually five[1] faculties of the University of Paris ("the Sorbonne"), from the 12th century until 1970.

The institutions descended from the Faculty of Law of Paris are:

During the Middle Ages, it was, with the faculty of law of the University of Bologna, the oldest one, one of the two most important faculties of law in the world.[2] [3] [4] [5] Pierre Abélard, founder of modern law, was its precursor, as a teacher at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame de Paris, Andrea Alciato, founder of legal humanism, was a professor there, and Saint Ivo, patron of lawyers and "Advocate of the Poor" according to the Catholic Church, had studied there. The prohibition by the Pope of teaching of Roman Law limited, however, its growth, to the benefit of the nearby University of Orléans, where numerous important French people studied law. In 1679, King Louis authorized the teaching of Roman Law. Numerous French intellectuals and revolutionary, like Voltaire, Diderot and d'Alembert, Robespierre, etc. studied there. Between the French Revolution and its dissolution in 1970, numerous important people in France and in the world taught or studied there, including Victor Hugo, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tocqueville, and Honoré de Balzac. The faculty of law is also mentioned in classical French literature, in particular in Les Misérables.

At the dissolution of the Sorbonne in 1970, its two main buildings were place du Panthéon and rue d'Assas.[6] Most of its law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics by creating and joining a university of law offering the same programs within the same two buildings; therefore, they created the "University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Paris", now called Panthéon-Assas University.[7] [8] Likewise, most of the economics professors (35 out of 41) preferred to found the multidisciplinary Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University with professors of the faculty of humanities of Paris and a few professors of law.[8]

History

c. 1100 – 1223: Law School of Paris

Pierre Abélard, teacher at the great cathedral school of Notre-Dame de Paris (that would eventually become the Sorbonne), writing with the influence of his wife Héloïse, stressed that subjective intention determines the moral value of human action and therefore that the legal consequence of an action is related to the person that commits it and not merely to the action. With this doctrine, Abelard created in the Middle Ages the idea of the individual subject central to modern law. This gave to School of Notre-Dame de Paris (later the University of Paris) a recognition of its expertise in the area of Law, even before the faculty of Law existed and the school even recognized as an "universitas" and even if Abelard was primarily a logician and a theologian. The law grew afterwards to be a discipline in its own rights (rather than only a subject within theology and philosophy), and a faculty of law was founded.

1223–1679: Faculty of Canon Law

The Pope forbade Roman law in Paris in 1223 with the decretal Super Specula. Afterwards, the Paris Law Faculty was called "Faculté de décret" or "Consultissima decretorum facultas", meaning Faculty of Canon Law.[9]

During this period, people who wanted to learn civil law (Roman Law) and become lawyers would usually go to the nearby faculty of law of the University of Orléans. Hence, Molière, Calvin, Perrault, Cujas, Rabelais, Fermat, La Boétie and others went to this faculty.[10]

1679–1793: Faculty of civil and canon law

After the Edict of Saint-Germain of April 1679 by Louis XIV reestablished the teaching of Roman law in Paris, the faculty was known as the "faculty of civil and canon law".

Louis XIV also introduced French Customary Law into the programs.

The faculty was closed alongside other faculties on September 15, 1793, by the French Revolution.

1802–1970: Faculty of Law of Paris

In 1802, the faculty of law was re-opened, and was called "the School of Law of Paris" (l'École de droit de Paris). In 1896, the law faculty and the henceforth four other Parisian faculties were grouped together to recreate the University of Paris. In the late 1950s, it became a "faculty of law and economics".

The Code Civil was taught after its creation in 1804. The programs were reformed at the end of the 19th century.

Originally, the faculty of law was not organized around research centers and professors were pursuing their research as part of faculty of law in general. Hence, only newly emerging fields of research would have newly created institutes, whereas traditional subjects such as Roman Law and Legal History, Private Law in general and Public law in general, would not necessarily have ones.

"Doctorate courses" existed in legal studies at that time until they were replaced in 1925 by the "Diplôme d'études supérieures". The Decree of the 2 May 1925 created in each faculty of Law 4 DES: DES in Roman Law and Legal history, DES in Private Law, DES in public Law and DES in Politics and Economics. It required students to obtain two of them undergraduate studies to be able to begin a doctorate (PhD). In 1964, the undergraduate studies took 4 years (4-year licence, and eventually 3-year licence and a one-year maîtrise) and only one DES was necessary to begin a doctorate. 2 additional DES are created in each faculty: DES in Criminal Law and Politics and Economics are separated in two DES.

1970: Dissolution

Following the events of May 1968, the faculties of the University of Paris became independent universities[11]

Most law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics[8] within the same two buiildings (Panthéon and Assas). Therefore, they created the "University of Law, Economics and social sciences of Paris" (Université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris), administratively shortened as Paris II, and currently named Panthéon-Assas University,[7] which is therefore considered as its direct inheritor.[12] Panthéon-Assas inherited the teaching programs and research centers from the Faculty of Law. Some joined interdisciplinary universities in Paris, like Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Paris Descartes University, Paris-East Créteil University (these names were formed later), or outside Paris.

Likewise, most of its professors in economics (35 out of 41) preferred to join the multidisciplinary university, Paris I, later called Panthéon-Sorbonne University[8] while others joined Panthéon-Assas University, Paris Dauphine University, Paris Descartes University (currently Paris Cité University) and Paris-East Créteil University.

Campuses

In 1680, Louis XIV decided to place the faculty of law at the Royal College.[13]

In 1753, Louis XV decided that a new building would be constructed for the faculty of law on the place du Panthéon. Jacques-Germain Soufflot, alumnus of the faculty who had become the architect of the King designed and supervised the construction. It took place from 1771 to 1773 and the new building opened in 1774.[14]

In the 1950s, a new building was constructed rue d'Assas in Paris. It was designed by Charles Lemaresquier, Alain le Normand and François Carpentier[15] to accommodate the growing number of students at the University of Paris.[16] It was built between 1959 and 1963[15] on the former grounds of Société Marinoni.[17] At the time of its inauguration, its main lecture theatre was the largest in France, with 1,700 seats[18]

Notable faculty

1100–1679

1679–1793

19th century

20th century

Notable alumni (1100–1679)

The Pope forbade the teaching of Roman law in Paris in 1223 with the decretal Super Specula. Until the reintroduction of Roman Law (civil law) by Louis XIV, people who wanted to learn civil law (Roman Law) and become lawyers would usually go to the nearby faculty of Law of the University of Orléans. Hence, Molière, Calvin, Perrault, Cujas, Rabelais, Fermat, La Boétie and others went to the latter.[10]

Notable alumni (1679–1793)

Notable alumni (1802–1970)

Intellectuals

Law professors

Judiciary and lawyers

Lawyers who are more well known as politicians are listed in the section about politicians.

Literature, arts and social activism

Politics and military

France: presidents

France: prime ministers

France: other

Outside of France

Fictional

Deans

Sources

External links

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Abt & Riess, p. 276.
  2. Stemmi di studenti ungaro-croati all'Archiginnasio di Bologna, http://histoire-du-livre.blogspot.com/2020/05/heraldique-luniversite-de-bologne.html
  3. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01788055/document, p. 13
  4. Web site: Les universités au Moyen âge.
  5. Book: Nation et nations au Moyen Âge : XLIVe Congrès de la SHMESP (Prague, 23 mai-26 mai 2013). 9791035101503. Genèse et organisation des nations universitaires en Europe aux xiie et xiiie siècles. Histoire ancienne et médiévale. 19 April 2019. 273–286. Éditions de la Sorbonne.
  6. Web site: Université Panthéon Assas - Adresse Paris 2 - Cours Droit, Science politique, gestion....Master, licence - La Chancellerie des Universités de Paris. 26 December 2016.
  7. Web site: Université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress).
  8. News: Les programmes de I à VII. 1970-06-24. 2019-02-09. fr.
  9. Web site: X. La Faculté de Décret de la Sorbonne.
  10. Web site: Faculté de Droit de Paris - (Page 3) - Nos Facultés de Droit.
  11. Décret no 70-928 du 8 octobre 1970.
  12. Web site: French National Agency of Evaluation of Higher education institutions, p. 65.
  13. Web site: XIX. l'École de Droit en 1774, place du Panthéon.
  14. Web site: XIX. l'École de Droit en 1774, place du Panthéon.
  15. Book: Hottin, Christian. Universités et grandes écoles à Paris : les palais de la science. 1999. Action artistique de la ville de Paris. fr., p. 206.
  16. Conac, p. 170.
  17. Le Ray, p. 24.
  18. Book: Hottin, Christian. Universités et grandes écoles à Paris : les palais de la science. 1999. Action artistique de la ville de Paris. fr., p. 188.
  19. Web site: Faculté de Droit de Paris - (Page 6) - Nos Facultés de Droit.
  20. Web site: Faculté de Droit de Paris - (Page 7) - Nos Facultés de Droit.
  21. Web site: Faculté de Droit de Paris - (Page 10) - Nos Facultés de Droit.
  22. Web site: Faculté de Droit de Paris - (Page 11) - Nos Facultés de Droit.
  23. Web site: Faculté de Droit de Paris - (Page 12) - Nos Facultés de Droit.
  24. News: Léon Mazeaud Se Tue en Montagne. Le Monde.fr. 25 August 1970.
  25. Book: Tripier, Yves. La Laïcité, ses prémices et son évolution depuis 1905 (le cas breton). 2003. Éditions L'Harmattan. 122. French.
  26. Web site: Exposition Virtuelle : Jean Carbonnier. 26 December 2016.
  27. Web site: Biographie Gérard Cornu Universitaire.
  28. Web site: Hommage à Gérard Cornu - Thèmes et commentaires - 11/2009 - Editions Dalloz. 26 December 2016. 26 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180726135152/https://www.editions-dalloz.fr/hommage-a-gerard-cornu.html. dead.
  29. Web site: In memoriam Gérard Cornu . le Tourneau . Philippe . Bibliothèque de Philosophie Comparée . 31 December 2008 . 26 December 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090827213156/http://www.philosophiedudroit.org/le%20tourneau%2C%20in%20memoriam%20cornu.htm. 27 August 2009 . fr.
  30. Web site: Jean Carbonnier. 26 December 2016.
  31. Web site: François Terré : " La réforme est marquée par une recherche d'équilibre dans les relations contractuelles ". 15 January 2014. 26 December 2016.
  32. Web site: XIV. Saint Yves, étudiant en droit à Paris et Orléans vers 1270.
  33. Web site: Nicolas Boileau: Le Législateur du Parnasse.
  34. Web site: 1802-1822. 9 August 2013.

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