| Galician | |
| Country: | Spain |
| Distribution: | Galicia |
| Height: | 120–140 cm |
| Weight: | 165–300 kg |
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The Galician or Galician Mountain Horse, Spanish; Castilian: {{noitalic|'''Caballo de Pura Raza Gallega''', Galician: {{noitalic|'''Raza Equina Cabalo Galego do Monte''', is a breed of small horse from Galicia, in north-western Spain. It is genetically very close to the Garrano breed of northern Portugal. It was in the past used as a war-horse and in agriculture; it is now raised principally for meat. The horses are bay or black.
The most commonly accepted theory of the origin of the Gallego is that it, like other small breeds of the northern part of the Iberian peninsula, descends from small dark-coloured horses introduced by Celtic immigrants in the sixth century BC.
In the Middle Ages these horses were rented or swapped for other horses at the border between Galicia and Castile, since the Galician was more sturdy and suitable for the rugged landscape of the country.[1]
In the 1980s and 90s there was concern that the introduction of stallions of other breeds, with better meat-producing qualities, was placing at risk the original stock of Galician horses. The Xunta de Galicia published a conservation plan for the breed in 1993. A breed association, the Galician: Asociación Pura Raza Cabalo Galego|italic=no, was formed in 1997, and in 1998 the breed was officially recognised and a stud-book established.
The Gallego is regulated and protected by the Galician government, in an attempt to increase the numbers of the feral stock.
It is distributed through much of Galicia. It is present in the concellos of A Estrada, Cambados, Covelo, Poio, Pontevedra and Santa María de Oia in the province of Pontevedra; of Abegondo, Arzúa, Cambre, Cariño, Cerceda, Curtis, Ferrol, Irixoa, Lousame, Noia, Ortigueira and Porto do Son in the province of A Coruña; of Guitiriz, Muras, Ourol, Mondoñedo, Riotorto, Vilalba and Viveiro in the province of Lugo; and of Castro Caldelas, Coles and Lobios in the province of Ourense. A small number have been exported to Germany. In 2013 the total population was reported as 1623.
Almost all Gallego horses are managed extensively, in semi-feral conditions on the mountains of Galicia.