FUT2 explained

Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FUT2 gene.^{[1] [2]} It affects the secretor status of ABO antigens.^[3]

Approximately 20% of Caucasians are non-secretors due to the G428A (rs601338) and C571T (rs492602?) nonsense mutations in FUT2 and therefore have strong although not absolute protection from the norovirus GII.4.

Further reading

• Reguigne-Arnould I . Relative positions of two clusters of human alpha-L-fucosyltransferases in 19q (FUT1-FUT2) and 19p (FUT6-FUT3-FUT5) within the microsatellite genetic map of chromosome 19 . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 71 . 2 . 158–62 . 1995 . 7656588 . 10.1159/000134098 . Couillin P . Mollicone R . 3 . Fauré . S. . Fletcher . A. . Kelly . R.J. . Lowe . J.B. . Oriol . R. .
• Rouquier S . Molecular cloning of a human genomic region containing the H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene and two H locus-related DNA restriction fragments. Isolation of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group locus . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 9 . 4632–9 . 1995 . 7876234 . 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4632 . Lowe JB . Kelly RJ . 3 . Fertitta . AL . Lennon . GG . Giorgi . D . free .
• Kelly RJ . Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Homozygosity for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense mutation commonly correlates with the non-secretor phenotype . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 9 . 4640–9 . 1995 . 7876235 . 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4640. Rouquier S . Giorgi D . 3 . Lennon . GG . Lowe . JB . free .
• Kudo T . Molecular genetic analysis of the human Lewis histo-blood group system. II. Secretor gene inactivation by a novel single missense mutation A385T in Japanese nonsecretor individuals . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 16 . 9830–7 . 1996 . 8621666 . 10.1074/jbc.271.16.9830. Iwasaki H . Nishihara S . 3 . Shinya . N . Ando . T . Narimatsu . I . Narimatsu . H . free .
• Koda Y, Soejima M, Liu Y, Kimura H . Molecular basis for secretor type alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency in a Japanese population: a fusion gene generated by unequal crossover responsible for the enzyme deficiency . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 59 . 2 . 343–50 . 1996 . 8755920 . 1914724 .
• Koda Y, Soejima M, Wang B, Kimura H . Structure and expression of the gene encoding secretor-type galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase (FUT2) . Eur. J. Biochem. . 246 . 3 . 750–5 . 1997 . 9219535 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00750.x . free .
• Koda Y . Missense mutation of FUT1 and deletion of FUT2 are responsible for Indian Bombay phenotype of ABO blood group system . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 238 . 1 . 21–5 . 1997 . 9299444 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7232 . Soejima M . Johnson PH . 3 . Smart . E . Kimura . H .
• Liu Y . Extensive polymorphism of the FUT2 gene in an African (Xhosa) population of South Africa . Hum. Genet. . 103 . 2 . 204–10 . 1998 . 9760207 . 10.1007/s004390050808 . Koda Y . Soejima M . 3 . Pang . H. . Schlaphoff . Terry . Du Toit . Ernette D. . Kimura . H. . 25253767 .
• Domino SE, Zhang L, Lowe JB . Molecular cloning, genomic mapping, and expression of two secretor blood group alpha (1,2)fucosyltransferase genes differentially regulated in mouse uterine epithelium and gastrointestinal tract . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 26 . 23748–56 . 2001 . 11323419 . 10.1074/jbc.M100735200 . free.
• Roos C, Kolmer M, Mattila P, Renkonen R . Composition of Drosophila melanogaster proteome involved in fucosylated glycan metabolism . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 5 . 3168–75 . 2002 . 11698403 . 10.1074/jbc.M107927200 . free .
• Milland J . The cytoplasmic tail of alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase inhibits Golgi localization of the full-length enzyme . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 12 . 10374–8 . 2002 . 11777923 . 10.1074/jbc.M111799200 . Russell SM . Dodson HC . 3 . McKenzie . IF . Sandrin . MS . free .
• Chang JG . Molecular analysis of mutations and polymorphisms of the Lewis secretor type alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene reveals that Taiwan aborigines are of Austronesian derivation . J. Hum. Genet. . 47 . 2 . 60–5 . 2002 . 11916003 . 10.1007/s100380200001 . Ko YC . Lee JC . 3 . Chang . S.-J. . Liu . T.-C. . Shih . M.-C. . Peng . C.-T. . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Lindesmith L . Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection . Nat. Med. . 9 . 5 . 548–53 . 2003 . 12692541 . 10.1038/nm860 . Moe C . Marionneau S . 3 . Ruvoen . Nathalie . Jiang . Xi . Lindblad . Lauren . Stewart . Paul . Lependu . Jacques . Baric . Ralph . 28663420 .
• Guo ZH . [Analysis on FUT1 and FUT2 gene of 10 para-Bombay individuals in China] . Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi . 21 . 5 . 417–21 . 2004. 15476160 . Xiang D . Zhu ZY . 3 . Wang . JL . Zhang . JM . Liu . X . Shen . W . Chen . HP .
• Chen DP . Two prevalent h alleles in para-Bombay haplotypes among 250,000 Taiwanese . Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. . 34 . 3 . 314–8 . 2005 . 15487706 . Tseng CP . Wang WT . 3 . Peng . CT . Tsao . KC . Wu . TL . Lin . KT . Sun . CF .
• Pang H, Soejima M, Koda Y, Kimura H . A novel tetrameric short tandem repeat located in the 3' flanking region of the human ABO-secretor gene (FUT2) and association between FUT2 and FUT2/01 loci . Hum. Biol. . 76 . 5 . 789–95 . 2005 . 15757249 . 10.1353/hub.2005.0008 . 1201579 .
• Madjd Z . High expression of Lewis y/b antigens is associated with decreased survival in lymph node negative breast carcinomas . Breast Cancer Res. . 7 . 5 . R780–7 . 2006 . 16168124 . 10.1186/bcr1305 . 1242157 . Parsons T . Watson NF . 3 . Spendlove . Ian . Ellis . Ian . Durrant . Lindy G . free .
• Kimura K . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 . 1356129 . Wakamatsu A . Suzuki Y . 3 . Ota . T . Nishikawa . T . Yamashita . R . Yamamoto . J . Sekine . M . Tsuritani . K .

Notes and References

1. Ball SP, Tongue N, Gibaud A, Le Pendu J, Mollicone R, Gerard G, Oriol R . The human chromosome 19 linkage group FUT1 (H), FUT2 (SE), LE, LU, PEPD, C3, APOC2, D19S7 and D19S9 . Ann Hum Genet . 55 . Pt 3 . 225–33 . Feb 1992 . 1763885 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1991.tb00417.x . 30777695 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: FUT2 fucosyltransferase 2 (secretor status included).
3. Web site: Names for H (ISBT 018) Blood Group Alleles . www.isbtweb.org . 2019-10-13 . 2019-08-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190828124335/http://isbtweb.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Working_parties/WP_on_Red_Cell_Immunogenetics_and/018_H_Alleles_v5.1_170221.pdf . dead .