FMO5 explained

Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO5 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Metabolic N-oxidation of the diet-derived amino-trimethylamine (TMA) is mediated by flavin-containing monooxygenase and is subject to an inherited FMO3 polymorphism in man resulting in a small subpopulation with reduced TMA N-oxidation capacity resulting in fish odor syndrome Trimethylaminuria. Three forms of the enzyme, FMO1 found in fetal liver, FMO2 found in adult liver, and FMO3 are encoded by genes clustered in the 1q23-q25 region. Flavin-containing monooxygenases are NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom centers in drugs, pesticides, and xenobiotics.^[3]

Related gene problems

• 1q21.1 deletion syndrome
• 1q21.1 duplication syndrome

Further reading

• Hines RN, Cashman JR, Philpot RM . The mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: molecular characterization and regulation of expression. . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. . 125 . 1 . 1–6 . 1994 . 8128486 . 10.1006/taap.1994.1042 . etal.
• Phillips IR, Dolphin CT, Clair P . The molecular biology of the flavin-containing monooxygenases of man. . Chem. Biol. Interact. . 96 . 1 . 17–32 . 1995 . 7720101 . 10.1016/0009-2797(94)03580-2 . 1995CBI....96...17P . etal.
• Overby LH, Buckpitt AR, Lawton MP . Characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) cloned from human and guinea pig: evidence that the unique catalytic properties of FMO5 are not confined to the rabbit ortholog. . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 317 . 1 . 275–84 . 1995 . 7872795 . 10.1006/abbi.1995.1163 . etal.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Lawton MP, Cashman JR, Cresteil T . A nomenclature for the mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenase gene family based on amino acid sequence identities . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 308 . 1 . 254–7 . 1994 . 8311461 . 10.1006/abbi.1994.1035 . etal.
• Overby LH, Carver GC, Philpot RM . Quantitation and kinetic properties of hepatic microsomal and recombinant flavin-containing monooxygenases 3 and 5 from humans . Chem. Biol. Interact. . 106 . 1 . 29–45 . 1997 . 9305407 . 10.1016/S0009-2797(97)00055-0 . 1997CBI...106...29O .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
• Chung WG, Park CS, Roh HK . Oxidation of ranitidine by isozymes of flavin-containing monooxygenase and cytochrome P450 . Jpn. J. Pharmacol. . 84 . 2 . 213–20 . 2001 . 11128045 . 10.1254/jjp.84.213 . etal. free .
• Janmohamed A, Dolphin CT, Phillips IR, Shephard EA . Quantification and cellular localization of expression in human skin of genes encoding flavin-containing monooxygenases and cytochromes P450 . Biochem. Pharmacol. . 62 . 6 . 777–86 . 2001 . 11551524 . 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00718-3 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Krause RJ, Lash LH, Elfarra AA . 25362483 . Human kidney flavin-containing monooxygenases and their potential roles in cysteine s-conjugate metabolism and nephrotoxicity . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. . 304 . 1 . 185–91 . 2003 . 12490590 . 10.1124/jpet.102.042911 .
• Furnes B, Feng J, Sommer SS, Schlenk D . Identification of novel variants of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene family in African Americans . Drug Metab. Dispos. . 31 . 2 . 187–93 . 2003 . 12527699 . 10.1124/dmd.31.2.187 . 6619389 .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Zhang J, Cashman JR . Quantitative analysis of FMO gene mRNA levels in human tissues . Drug Metab. Dispos. . 34 . 1 . 19–26 . 2006 . 16183778 . 10.1124/dmd.105.006171 . 1784074 .
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. McCombie RR, Dolphin CT, Povey S, Phillips IR, Shephard EA . Localization of human flavin-containing monooxygenase genes FMO2 and FMO5 to chromosome 1q . Genomics . 34 . 3 . 426–9 . Sep 1996 . 8786146 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0308 .
2. Gelb BD, Zhang J, Cotter PD, Gershin IF, Desnick RJ . Physical mapping of the human connexin 40 (GJA5), flavin-containing monooxygenase 5, and natriuretic peptide receptor a genes on 1q21 . Genomics . 39 . 3 . 409–11 . Apr 1997 . 9119381 . 10.1006/geno.1996.4516 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: FMO5 flavin containing monooxygenase 5.