FMO2 explained

Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The flavin-containing monooxygenases are NADPH-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of many drugs and xenobiotics. In most mammals, there is a flavin-containing monooxygenase that catalyzes the N-oxidation of some primary alkylamines through an N-hydroxylamine intermediate. However, in humans, this enzyme is truncated and is probably rapidly degraded. The protein encoded by this gene represents the truncated form and apparently has no catalytic activity. A functional allele found in African Americans has been reported, but no sequence evidence has been deposited to support the finding. This gene is found in a cluster with the FMO1, FMO3, and FMO4 genes on chromosome 1.

Further reading

• Hines RN, Cashman JR, Philpot RM . The mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: molecular characterization and regulation of expression. . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. . 125 . 1 . 1–6 . 1994 . 8128486 . 10.1006/taap.1994.1042 . etal.
• Lomri N, Gu Q, Cashman JR . Molecular cloning of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (form II) cDNA from adult human liver. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 5 . 1685–9 . 1992 . 1542660 . 10.1073/pnas.89.5.1685 . 48517 . 1992PNAS...89.1685L . free .
• Phillips IR, Dolphin CT, Clair P . The molecular biology of the flavin-containing monooxygenases of man. . Chem. Biol. Interact. . 96 . 1 . 17–32 . 1995 . 7720101 . 10.1016/0009-2797(94)03580-2 . 1995CBI....96...17P . etal.
• Lawton MP, Cashman JR, Cresteil T . A nomenclature for the mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenase gene family based on amino acid sequence identities. . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 308 . 1 . 254–7 . 1994 . 8311461 . 10.1006/abbi.1994.1035 . etal.
• McCombie RR, Dolphin CT, Povey S . Localization of human flavin-containing monooxygenase genes FMO2 and FMO5 to chromosome 1q. . Genomics . 34 . 3 . 426–9 . 1996 . 8786146 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0308 . etal.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Whetstine JR, Yueh MF, McCarver DG . Ethnic differences in human flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2) polymorphisms: detection of expressed protein in African-Americans. . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. . 168 . 3 . 216–24 . 2000 . 11042094 . 10.1006/taap.2000.9050 . etal.
• Krueger SK, Martin SR, Yueh MF . Identification of active flavin-containing monooxygenase isoform 2 in human lung and characterization of expressed protein. . Drug Metab. Dispos. . 30 . 1 . 34–41 . 2002 . 11744609 . 10.1124/dmd.30.1.34 . 9151632 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Furnes B, Feng J, Sommer SS, Schlenk D . Identification of novel variants of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene family in African Americans. . Drug Metab. Dispos. . 31 . 2 . 187–93 . 2003 . 12527699 . 10.1124/dmd.31.2.187 . 6619389 .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Krueger SK, Siddens LK, Henderson MC . Haplotype and functional analysis of four flavin-containing monooxygenase isoform 2 (FMO2) polymorphisms in Hispanics. . Pharmacogenet. Genomics . 15 . 4 . 245–56 . 2005 . 15864117 . 10.1097/01213011-200504000-00008 . 1351039 . etal.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Dolphin CT, Shephard EA, Povey S, Smith RL, Phillips IR . Cloning, primary sequence and chromosomal localization of human FMO2, a new member of the flavin-containing mono-oxygenase family . 287 . Biochem J . (Pt 1) . 261–7 . Nov 1992 . Pt 1 . 10.1042/bj2870261 . 1417778 . 1133153 .
2. Dolphin CT, Beckett DJ, Janmohamed A, Cullingford TE, Smith RL, Shephard EA, Phillips IR . The flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 gene (FMO2) of humans, but not of other primates, encodes a truncated, nonfunctional protein . J Biol Chem . 273 . 46 . 30599–607 . Dec 1998 . 9804831 . 10.1074/jbc.273.46.30599 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: FMO2 flavin containing monooxygenase 2 (non-functional).