FLOT2 explained
Flotillin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLOT2 gene.[1] [2] Flotillin 2 (flot-2) is a highly conserved protein isolated from caveolae/lipid raft domains that tether growth factor receptors linked to signal transduction pathways. Flot-2 binds to PAR-1, a known upstream mediator of major signal transduction pathways implicated in cell growth and metastasis, and may influence tumour progression.[3]
Caveolae are small domains on the inner cell membrane involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. This gene encodes a caveolae-associated, integral membrane protein, which is thought to function in neuronal signaling.[2]
Further reading
- Schroeder WT, Stewart-Galetka S, Mandavilli S . Cloning and characterization of a novel epidermal cell surface antigen (ESA) . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 31 . 19983–91 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32117-8 . 8051082 . etal. free .
- Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
- Volonte D, Galbiati F, Li S . Flotillins/cavatellins are differentially expressed in cells and tissues and form a hetero-oligomeric complex with caveolins in vivo. Characterization and epitope-mapping of a novel flotillin-1 monoclonal antibody probe . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 18 . 12702–9 . 1999 . 10212252 . 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12702 . etal. free .
- Hazarika P, Dham N, Patel P . Flotillin 2 is distinct from epidermal surface antigen (ESA) and is associated with filopodia formation . J. Cell. Biochem. . 75 . 1 . 147–59 . 1999 . 10462713 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991001)75:1<147::AID-JCB15>3.0.CO;2-D . 12223151 . etal.
- Salzer U, Prohaska R . Stomatin, flotillin-1, and flotillin-2 are major integral proteins of erythrocyte lipid rafts . Blood . 97 . 4 . 1141–3 . 2001 . 11159550 . 10.1182/blood.V97.4.1141 .
- Solomon S, Masilamani M, Rajendran L . The lipid raft microdomain-associated protein reggie-1/flotillin-2 is expressed in human B cells and localized at the plasma membrane and centrosome in PBMCs . Immunobiology . 205 . 1 . 108–19 . 2002 . 11999340 . 10.1078/0171-2985-00114 . etal.
- Wistow G, Bernstein SL, Wyatt MK . Expressed sequence tag analysis of human RPE/choroid for the NEIBank Project: over 6000 non-redundant transcripts, novel genes and splice variants . Mol. Vis. . 8 . 205–20 . 2002 . 12107410 . etal.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
- Shin BK, Wang H, Yim AM . Global profiling of the cell surface proteome of cancer cells uncovers an abundance of proteins with chaperone function . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 9 . 7607–16 . 2003 . 12493773 . 10.1074/jbc.M210455200 . etal. free .
- Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE . Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region . Genomics . 83 . 1 . 153–67 . 2004 . 14667819 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0 . etal.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
- Hazarika P, McCarty MF, Prieto VG . Up-regulation of Flotillin-2 is associated with melanoma progression and modulates expression of the thrombin receptor protease activated receptor 1 . Cancer Res. . 64 . 20 . 7361–9 . 2004 . 15492257 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0823 . etal. free .
- Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 . etal.
- Bracho C, Dunia I, Romano M . Caveolins and flotillin-2 are present in the blood stages of Plasmodium vivax . Parasitol. Res. . 99 . 2 . 153–9 . 2006 . 16521037 . 10.1007/s00436-006-0139-6 . 1099026 . etal.
- Doherty SD, Prieto VG, George S . High flotillin-2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and Breslow depth in melanoma . Melanoma Res. . 16 . 5 . 461–3 . 2007 . 17013097 . 10.1097/01.cmr.0000222592.75858.20 . 9758718 . etal.
- Jiang M, Ding Y, Su Y . Arginase-flotillin interaction brings arginase to red blood cell membrane . FEBS Lett. . 28–29 . 6561–4 . 2007 . 17113085 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.11.003 . 580. 20180459 . etal. free .
- Sugawara Y, Nishii H, Takahashi T . The lipid raft proteins flotillins/reggies interact with Galphaq and are involved in Gq-mediated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation through tyrosine kinase . Cell. Signal. . 19 . 6 . 1301–8 . 2007 . 17307333 . 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.01.012 . etal.
- Langhorst MF, Solis GP, Hannbeck S . Linking membrane microdomains to the cytoskeleton: regulation of the lateral mobility of reggie-1/flotillin-2 by interaction with actin . FEBS Lett. . 581 . 24 . 4697–703 . 2007 . 17854803 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.074 . 13258838 . etal. free .
- Rajendran L, Beckmann J, Magenau A . Flotillins are involved in the polarization of primitive and mature hematopoietic cells. . PLOS ONE . 4 . 12 . 2009 . 20027317 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0008290 . 2794375 . e8290. 2009PLoSO...4.8290R . etal. free .
- Pust S, Dyve AB, Torgersen ML . Interplay between toxin transport and flotillin localization. . PLOS ONE . 5 . 1 . 2010 . 20107503 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0008844 . 2809741 . e8844. 2010PLoSO...5.8844P . etal. free .
- Stuermer CA . The reggie/flotillin connection to growth. . Trends Cell Biol. . 20 . 1 . 6–13 . 2010 . 19896850 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.10.003.
- Solis GP, Malaga-Trillo E, Plattner H . Cellular roles of the prion protein in association with reggie/flotillin microdomains. . Front. Biosci. . 15 . 1075–85 . 2010 . 3 . 20515742 . 10.2741/3662. etal.
- Ludwig A, Otto GP, Riento K . Flotillin microdomains interact with the cortical cytoskeleton to control uropod formation and neutrophil recruitment . J. Cell Biol. . 191 . 4 . 771–84 . 2010 . 21059848 . 10.1083/jcb.201005140 . 2983060 . etal.
- Cornfine S, Himmel M, Kopp P . The kinesin KIF9 and reggie/flotillin proteins regulate matrix degradation by macrophage podosomes . Mol Biol Cell . 22 . 2 . 202–15 . 2011 . 21119006 . 10.1091/mbc.E10-05-0394 . 3020916 . etal.
- Ge L, Qi W, Wang LJ, Miao HH . Flotillins play an essential role in Niemann-Pick C1-like 1-mediated cholesterol uptake . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 108 . 2 . 551–6 . 2011 . 21187433 . 10.1073/pnas.1014434108 . 3021008 . 2011PNAS..108..551G . etal. free .
- Song J, Chen W, Lu Z . Soluble expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human flotillin-2 (reggie-1) in Escherichia coli. . Mol Biol Rep . 38 . 3 . 2091–8 . 2011 . 20857209 . 10.1007/s11033-010-0335-4. 26736046 . etal.
Notes and References
- Schroeder WT, Siciliano MJ, Stewart-Galetka SL, Duvic M . The human gene for an epidermal surface antigen (M17S1) is located at 17q11-12 . Genomics . 11 . 2 . 481–2 . Feb 1992 . 1769667 . 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90166-C .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: FLOT2 flotillin 2.
- Hazarika P, McCarty MF, Prieto VG, George S, Babu D, Koul D, Bar-Eli M, Duvic M . Up-regulation of Flotillin-2 is associated with melanoma progression and modulates expression of the thrombin receptor protease activated receptor 1. . Cancer Res. . 64 . 20 . 7361–9 . Oct 2004 . 15492257 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0823 . free .