FIS Cross-Country World Cup explained
The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 29 - 30 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.[4]
The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.
Rules
Competitors attempt to achieve the most points during the season. They compete in two disciplines: Distance and Sprint. Current Distance races are mostly 10 km, 20 km, Skiathlon and 50 km for the men and women.[5] The competitions are held with either individual start or mass start and either classic or free technique. In Sprint races, athletes are organised in heats based on their results in a prologue where the 30 fastest skiers qualify for the sprint's quarter-finals.[6] The 12 best skiers in the quarter-finals advance to the semi-finals and the 6 best skiers in the semi-finals advance to the final. Sprint races are maximum 1.8 kilometres and are competed in either classic or free technique.
In ordinary World Cup races, 100 points are awarded to the winner, 95 for second place, 90 for third place, winding down to 1 point for 50th place. In Stage World Cup races; Tour de Ski, World Cup Final and mini-tours, 50 points are awarded to the winner, 47 for second place, 44 for third place, winding down to 1 point for 30th place. The overall winners of the Stage World Cup events are awarded 300 points for Tour de Ski victory and 200 points for an overall win in the World Cup Final or a mini-tour. The athlete with the most points at the end of the season in mid-March wins the Overall World Cup, with the trophy consisting of a 9 kilogram crystal globe.[7] Sub-prizes are also awarded to the winners of the Sprint World Cup and the Distance World Cup, with a smaller 3.5 kg crystal globe.
Races are hosted primarily in Europe, with regular stops in the Nordic countries and Central Europe. A few races have also been held in North America and Asia. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 23 countries around the world: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Soviet Union, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. (Note that all World Cup races hosted in Bosnia were held when it was still part of Yugoslavia.)
The World Cup usually follows a November-March schedule, effectively ruling out hosting races in the southern hemisphere, for example in Argentina or New Zealand. Additionally, races have yet to be hosted in the Central Asia-Himalayas region.
Overall World Cup standings
See main article: List of FIS Cross-Country World Cup champions. The table below shows the three highest ranked skiers each year.
Men
a. Unofficial World Cup
b. Trial World CupSource:[8]
Women
a. Trial World CupSource:[9]
- With six overall World Cup titles Bjørn Dæhlie is record-holder among both men and women.
Sprint World Cup standings
Men
Women
Distance World Cup standings
Men
a. Arranged under the name of "Long Distance World Cup".
Women
a. Arranged under the name of "Long Distance World Cup".
U23 World Cup standings
Men
Women
Nations Cup
All results of female and male athletes of a nation are counted for the Nations Cup.
World Cup title winners
Overall titles
Men
Women
Sprint titles
Men
Women
Distance titles
Men
a. Long Distance World Cup
b. Middle Distance World Cup
Women
a. Long Distance World Cup
b. Middle Distance World Cup
Most World Cup wins
Most successful race winners
Men
See main article: List of FIS Cross-Country World Cup men's race winners.
Women
See main article: List of FIS Cross-Country World Cup women's race winners.
- With 84 victories in World Cup and total 114 including Stage World Cup wins Marit Bjørgen is record-holder among both men and women.
World Cup wins by nation
The table below lists those nations which have won at least one individual World Cup race.
Most World Cup podiums, top 10 results and individual starts
Men's career podiums
Men's career top 10s
Men's individual starts
Women's career podiums
Women's career top 10s
Women's individual starts
No. | Skier | | | Starts |
---|
1 | Aino-Kaisa Saarinen | 354 | 24 | 378 |
2 | Stefanie Böhler | 343 | 27 | 370 |
3 | align=left bgcolor=CFECEC | Anne Kyllönen | 328< | --328 as of 16 March 2024--> | 32< | --32 as of 7 January 2024--> | 360< | --360 as of 16 March 2024--> |
---|
4 | Justyna Kowalczyk | 319 | 23 | 342 |
5 | align=left bgcolor=CFECEC | | 310< | --310 as of 17 March 2024--> | 29< | --29 as of 7 January 2024--> | 339< | --339 as of 17 March 2024--> |
---|
6 | align=left bgcolor=CFECEC | Krista Pärmäkoski | 305< | --305 as of 17 March 2024--> | 33< | --33 as of 7 January 2024--> | 338< | --338 as of 17 March 2024--> |
---|
7 | align=left bgcolor=CFECEC | Kerttu Niskanen | 298< | --298 as of 17 March 2024--> | 32< | --32 as of 7 January 2024--> | 330< | --330 as of 17 March 2024--> |
---|
8 | align=left bgcolor=CFECEC | Heidi Weng | 297< | --297 as of 17 March 2024--> | 31< | --31 as of 7 January 2024--> | 328< | --328 as of 17 March 2024--> |
---|
9 | Marit Bjørgen | 303 | 21 | 324 |
10 | align=left bgcolor=efdecd | Ingvild Flugstad Østberg | 275< | --275 as of 26 March 2023--> | 30< | --30 as of 4 January 2022--> | 305< | --305 as of 26 March 2023--> | |
---|
Season records
Men
Victories per season
Podiums per season
Most points per season
Highest overall advantage
Women
Victories per season
Podiums per season
Most points per season
Highest overall advantage
Consecutive victories and podiums
Men
Consecutive victories
Consecutive podiums
Women
Consecutive victories
Consecutive podiums
Youngest and oldest race winners
Men's youngest winners
No. | Skier | Born | Date | Location | Race | Level | Age |
---|
1 | | 06.01.1986 | 08.03.2006 | Falun, Sweden | 10 km + 10 km C/F Pursuit | World Cup | 20 years 61 days |
2 | | 22.10.1996 | 18.02.2017 | Otepää, Estonia | 1.4 km Sprint F | World Cup | 20 years 119 days |
3 | | 06.09.1990 | 20.03.2011 | Falun, Sweden | 15 km Pursuit F | Stage World Cup | 20 years 195 days |
4 | | 29.04.1961 | 09.01.1982 | Reit im Winkl, West Germany | 15 km Individual | World Cup | 20 years 255 days |
5 | | 31.12.1996 | 04.03.2018 | Lahti, Finland | 15 km C Individual | World Cup | 21 years 63 days |
6 | | 12.01.1962 | 19.03.1983 | Anchorage, United States | 15 km Individual | World Cup | 21 years 66 days |
7 | | 11.11.1985 | 21.03.2007 | Stockholm, Sweden | 1.0 km Sprint C | World Cup | 21 years 130 days |
8 | | 11.08.1986 | 30.12.2007 | Prague, Czech Republic | 1.0 km Sprint F | Stage World Cup | 21 years 141 days |
9 | | 06.06.1997 | 02.12.2018 | Lillehammer, Norway | 15 km C Pursuit | Stage World Cup | 21 years 179 days |
10 | | 24.08.1990 | 18.03.2012 | Falun, Sweden | 15 km C Pursuit | Stage World Cup | 21 years 207 days | |
Source:[10]
Women's youngest winners
No. | Skier | Born | Date | Location | Race | Level | Age |
---|
1 | | 16.02.1967 | 11.01.1986 | Les Saisies, France | 10 km F Individual | World Cup | 18 years 329 days |
2 | | 08.03.1981 | 17.12.2000 | Brusson, Italy | 1.4 km Sprint F | World Cup | 19 years 284 days |
3 | | 15.02.1973 | 12.12.1992 | Ramsau, Austria | 5 km Individual C | World Cup | 19 years 300 days |
4 | | 09.12.1999 | 14.12.2019 | Davos, Switzerland | 1.5 km Sprint F | World Cup | 20 years 5 days |
5 | | 24.11.1961 | 12.03.1982 | Falun, Sweden | 20 km Individual | World Cup | 20 years 108 days |
6 | | 15.09.1967 | 15.01.1988 | Toblach, Italy | 20 km F Individual | World Cup | 20 years 122 days |
7 | | 05.07.1989 | 05.12.2009 | Düsseldorf, Germany | 0.8 km Sprint F | World Cup | 20 years 153 days |
8 | | 22.07.1987 | 06.01.2008 | Nové Město, Czech Republic | 10 km F Pursuit | Stage World Cup | 20 years 168 days |
9 | | 25.06.1988 | 04.01.2009 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 9 km F Pursuit | Stage World Cup | 20 years 193 days |
10 | | 10.08.1999 | 07.03.2020 | Oslo, Norway | 30 km C Mass Start | World Cup | 20 years 210 days | |
Source:[11]
Men's oldest winners
No. | Skier | Born | Date | Location | Race | Level | Age |
---|
1 | | 10.05.1958 | 11.03.2000 | Oslo, Norway | 50 km C Individual | World Cup | 41 years 306 days |
2 | | 07.10.1972 | 05.02.2010 | Canmore, Canada | 15 km F Individual | World Cup | 37 years 121 days |
3 | | 25.09.1950 | 21.02.1987 | Oberstdorf, West Germany | 50 km C Individual | World Championships | 36 years 149 days |
4 | | 18.08.1977 | 30.11.2013 | Kuusamo, Finland | 10 km C Individual | Stage World Cup | 36 years 104 days |
5 | | 06.12.1971 | 05.01.2008 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 20 km C Mass Start | Stage World Cup | 36 years 30 days |
6 | | 24.03.1966 | 15.12.2001 | Davos, Switzerland | 15 km C Individual | World Cup | 35 years 266 days |
7 | | 15.02.1969 | 06.02.2004 | La Clusaz, France | 15 km F Individual | World Cup | 34 years 354 days |
8 | | 12.01.1974 | 29.12.2008 | Prague, Czech Republic | 1.3 km Sprint F | Stage World Cup | 34 years 352 days |
9 | | 08.02.1971 | 12.03.2005 | Oslo, Norway | 50 km C Individual | World Cup | 34 years 32 days |
10 | | 20.12.1974 | 17.01.2009 | Whistler, Canada | 15 km + 15 km C/F Pursuit | World Cup | 34 years 29 days | |
Source:[12]
Women's oldest winners
No. | Skier | Born | Date | Location | Race | Level | Age |
---|
1 | | 08.11.1964 | 07.01.2006 | Otepää, Estonia | 10 km C Individual | World Cup | 41 years 60 days |
2 | | 21.03.1980 | 18.03.2018 | Falun, Sweden | World Cup Final Overall | World Cup | 37 years 362 days |
3 | | 10.09.1955 | 07.03.1992 | Funäsdalen, Sweden | 5 km C Individual | World Cup | 36 years 179 days |
4 | | 01.06.1965 | 18.03.2001 | Falun, Sweden | 10 km C Individual | World Cup | 35 years 290 days |
5 | | 13.06.1988 | 16.03.2024 | Falun, Sweden | 10 km C Individual | World Cup | 35 years 277 days |
6 | | 13.04.1965 | 27.12.1999 | Engelberg, Switzerland | Sprint C | World Cup | 34 years 259 days |
7 | | 21.06.1969 | 25.01.2004 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 70 km C Mass Start | World Cup | 34 years 218 days |
8 | | 31.08.1967 | 29.12.2001 | Salzburg, Austria | Sprint C | World Cup | 34 years 120 days |
9 | | 08.12.1960 | 28.01.1995 | Lahti, Finland | 10 km C Individual | World Cup | 34 years 51 days |
10 | | 23.01.1983 | 04.02.2017 | Pyeongchang, South Korea | | World Cup | 34 years 12 days | |
Source:[13]
Multi winners
Men's double winners
No. | Date | Location | Race | Level | Winners |
---|
1 | 25.02.1982 | Oslo, Norway | 4 × 10 km Relay | World Championships | | |
2 | 03.02.2007 | Davos, Switzerland | 15 km C Individual | World Cup | Vincent Vittoz | Toni Livers | |
Women's double winners
World Cup all-time records
Men
Category | Season(s) | | Record |
---|
Prize money in CHF (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 407,200 |
Overall points | align=center | | | align=center | 2715 |
Margin of victory | align=center | | | align=center | 1032 |
Overall titles | align=center | | | align=center | 6 |
Consecutive overall titles | align=center | | | align=center | 3 |
Sprint titles | align=center | | | align=center | 6 |
Distance titles | align=center | | | align=center | 4 |
All titles (excluding U23) | align=center | | | align=center | 10 |
Victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 20 |
Sprint victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 10 |
Distance victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 11 |
Stage event victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 3 |
Victories (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2023 | | align=center | 19 |
Sprint victories (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2019 2023 | | align=center | 9 |
Distance victories (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2023 | | align=center | 9 |
Podiums (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 23 |
Podiums (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2023 | | align=center | 22 |
Total victories | align=center | | | align=center | 84 |
Sprint victories | align=center | | | align=center | 49 |
Distance victories | align=center | | | align=center | 45 |
Tour de Ski victories | align=center | | | align=center | 4 |
Stage event victories | align=center | | | align=center | 8 |
Victories at one venue | align=center | | | align=center | 10 |
Sprint victories at one venue | align=center | | Johannes Høsflot Klæbo (Falun) | align=center | 5 |
Distance victories at one venue | align=center | | Vladimir Smirnov (Lahti) | align=center | 6 |
Total podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 108 |
Sprint podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 60 |
Distance podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 80 |
Stage event podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 13 |
Top 10 results | align=center | | | align=center | 164 |
World Cup starts | align=center | | | align=center | 342 |
Youngest race winner | align=center | | | align=center | 20 y, 61 d |
Oldest race winner | align=center | | | align=center | 41 y, 306 d |
| align=center | | | align=center | 17 y, 358 d |
Consecutive wins (all / participated races) | align=center | | | align=center | 7 |
Consecutive wins (sprint) | align=center | | | align=center | 7 |
Consecutive wins (distance & stage events) | align=center | | | 6 |
Consecutive podiums (all races) | align=center | | | align=center | 10 | |
Sources:[14] [15] [8] Women
Category | Season(s) | | Record |
---|
Prize money in CHF (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 430,700 |
Overall points | align=center | | | align=center | 2746 |
Margin of victory | align=center | | | align=center | 811 |
Overall titles | align=center | | | align=center | 5 |
Consecutive overall titles | align=center | | | align=center | 3 |
Sprint titles | align=center | | | align=center | 5 |
Distance titles | align=center | | | align=center | 5 |
All titles (excluding U23) | align=center | | | align=center | 12 |
Victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 20 |
Sprint victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 8 |
Distance victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 16 |
Stage event victories (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 3 |
Victories (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2012 | | align=center | 17 |
Sprint victories (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2004 | | align=center | 9 |
Distance victories (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2020 | | align=center | 12 |
Podiums (single season) | align=center | | | align=center | 29 |
Podiums (within one calendar year) | align=center | 2016 | | align=center | 28 |
Total victories | align=center | | | align=center | 114 |
Sprint victories | align=center | | | align=center | 40 |
Distance victories | align=center | | | align=center | 71 |
Tour de Ski victories | align=center | | Justyna Kowalczyk (consecutive) | align=center | 4 |
Stage event victories | align=center | | | align=center | 12 |
Victories at one venue | align=center | | Marit Bjørgen (Ruka/Kuusamo) | align=center | 16 |
Sprint victories at one venue | align=center | | | align=center | 6 |
Distance victories at one venue | align=center | | Therese Johaug (Ruka/Kuusamo) | align=center | 11 |
Total podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 184 |
Sprint podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 60 |
Distance podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 127 |
Stage event podiums | align=center | | | align=center | 16 |
Top 10 results | align=center | | | align=center | 249 |
World Cup starts | align=center | | | align=center | 378 |
Youngest race winner | align=center | | | align=center | 18 y, 329 d |
Oldest race winner | align=center | | | align=center | 41 y, 60 d |
| align=center | | | align=center | 15 y, 136 d |
Consecutive wins (all races) | align=center | | | align=center | 7 |
Consecutive wins (participated races) | align=center | | | align=center | 10 |
Consecutive wins (sprint) | align=center | | | align=center | 11 |
Consecutive wins (distance & stage events) | align=center | | | align=center | 12 |
Consecutive podiums (all races) | align=center | | | align=center | 14 | |
Sources:[14] [9]
World Cup scoring system
1981/82 season to 2005/06 season
a. Team sprint discipline was first introduced in 1995/96 season.
2006/07 season to 2021/22
since 2022/2023 season
width=1000 | Place | width=32 | 1 | width=32 | 2 | width=32 | 3 | width=32 | 4 | width=32 | 5 | width=32 | 6 | width=32 | 7 | width=32 | 8 | width=32 | 9 | width=32 | 10 | width=32 | 11 | width=32 | 12 | width=32 | 13 | width=32 | 14 | width=32 | 15 | width=32 | 16 | width=32 | 17 | width=32 | 18 | width=32 | 19 | width=32 | 20 | width=32 | 21 | width=32 | 22 | width=32 | 23 | width=32 | 24 | width=32 | 25 | width=32 | 26 | width=32 | 27 | width=32 | 28 | width=32 | 29 | width=32 | 30 | width=32 | 31 | width=32 | 32 | width=32 | 33 | width=32 | 34 | width=32 | 35 | width=32 | 36 | width=32 | 37 | width=32 | 38 | width=32 | 39 | width=32 | 40 | width=32 | 41 | width=32 | 42 | width=32 | 43 | width=32 | 44 | width=32 | 45 | width=32 | 46 | width=32 | 47 | width=32 | 48 | width=32 | 49 | width=32 | 50 |
Individual | 100 | 95 | 90 | 85 | 80 | 75 | 72 | 69 | 66 | 63 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 54 | 52 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 44 | 42 | 40 | 38 | 36 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Relay (Nations Cup) | 200 | 160 | 120 | 100 | 90 | 80 | 72 | 64 | 58 | 52 | 48 | 44 | 40 | 36 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | points were not awarded |
Team Sprint (Nations Cup) |
Tour de Ski | 300 | 285 | 270 | 255 | 240 | 225 | 216 | 207 | 198 | 189 | 180 | 174 | 168 | 162 | 156 | 150 | 144 | 138 | 132 | 126 | 120 | 114 | 108 | 102 | 96 | 90 | 84 | 78 | 72 | 66 | 60 | 57 | 54 | 51 | 48 | 45 | 42 | 39 | 36 | 33 | 30 | 27 | 24 | 21 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 3 |
Stage Tour de Ski | 50 | 47 | 44 | 41 | 38 | 35 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | points were not awarded |
Relay (Individual points) | 25 | 20 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | points were not awarded |
Team Sprint (Individual points) |
Bonus points (Mass Start checkpoints) | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | points were not awarded |
Sprint Qualifications | |
a. Nordic Opening is held annually since 2010/11 season.
b. World Cup Final is held since 2007/08 season, except 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2019/20 seasons. The stages of its first edition were not counted as a Stage World Cup race, hence no World Cup points were awarded.
c. Ski Tour 2020 was held only in 2019/20 season.
d. Tour de Ski is held annually since 2006/07 season. World Cup points were not awarded for the stage races in its first edition.
e. Ski Tour Canada was held only in 2015/16 season.
f. Individual World Cup points for places in Relays and Team Sprints since 2020/21 season.
Timeline calendar
World Cup hosts
a. As Czechoslovakia until 1992.
b. As Soviet Union until 1991.
c. As Yugoslavia until 1991.
d. As Leningrad until 1991.
World Cup Finals
- 2007–08 – Bormio, Italy
- 2008–09 – Stockholm / Falun, Sweden
- 2009–10 – Stockholm / Falun, Sweden
- 2010–11 – Stockholm / Falun, Sweden
- 2011–12 – Stockholm / Falun, Sweden
- 2012–13 – Stockholm / Falun, Sweden
- 2013–14 – Falun, Sweden
- 2014–15 – not held
- 2015–16 – 2016 Ski Tour Canada
- 2016–17 – Quebec City, Canada
- 2017–18 – Falun, Sweden
- 2018–19 – Quebec City, Canada
- 2019–20 – cancelled
- 2020–21 – cancelled
- 2021–22 – cancelled
- 2022–23 – not held
- 2023–24 – not held
See also
External links
See main article: world cups.
Notes and References
- Web site: FIS staff . fis-ski.com . . 28 December 2021.
- News: Coop blir hovedsponsor for verdenscupen i langrenn . . 8 December 2018 . no . 4 June 2018.
- Web site: Audi - Presenting Sponsor Nordics. fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation. 11 January 2019. 25 October 2018. 17 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190717212118/https://www.fis-ski.com/en/inside-fis/organisation/promotion/sponsors-partners-and-suppliers/audi-presenting-sponsor-nordics. dead.
- Web site: 31st Bariloche (ARG) 1977. FIS. en. April 1977. 17 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160326080200/http://www.fis-ski.com/inside-fis/about/fis-structure/congress/article=bariloche-1977.html. 26 March 2016. dead.
- Web site: Updates from the Cross-Country Committee Spring meeting 2022. International Ski Federation. 18 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20211026142416/https://assets.fis-ski.com/image/upload/v1635249369/fis-prod/assets/WC_Calendar_CC21-22-2.pdf. 26 October 2021. live.
- Web site: RULES FOR THE FIS CROSS-COUNTRY WORLD CUP 2021/2022. International Ski Federation. 8 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210621184210/https://assets.fis-ski.com/image/upload/v1623659021/fis-prod/assets/Rules_WC_CC_2021-22.pdf. 21 June 2021. live.
- Web site: FIS NewsFlash, Edition 72, April 26th, 2006. 2019-08-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042331/http://www.fis-ski.com/cms/impression_page.htm?page_id=2400&gab_id=5&id_newsflash=18&URL=%2Ffr%2Factualitesinformations%2F1687%2Fnewsflash2006. 2007-09-30. dead.
- Web site: Hall of Fame - Men . skisport365.com . Skisport365 . 28 November 2018 . 29 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181129054321/http://skisport365.com/ski/hof.php . dead .
- Web site: Hall of Fame - Women . skisport365.com . Skisport365 . 28 November 2018 . 29 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012900/http://skisport365.com/ski/hof.php?k=F . dead .
- Web site: Youngest Race Winners - Men . fis-ski.com . International Ski Federation (FIS) . 28 November 2018 .
- Web site: Youngest Race Winners - Ladies . fis-ski.com . International Ski Federation (FIS) . 28 November 2018 .
- Web site: Oldest Race Winners - Men . fis-ski.com . International Ski Federation (FIS) . 28 November 2018 . 9 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124537/https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/statistics.html?statistictype=winnerage&offset=50§orcode=CC&seasoncode=&categorycode=WC&disciplinecode=&gendercode=M&place=&racenationcode=&competitornationcode=&youngold=old . dead .
- Web site: Oldest Race Winners - Ladies . fis-ski.com . International Ski Federation (FIS) . 28 November 2018 . 9 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124413/https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/statistics.html?statistictype=winnerage&offset=50§orcode=CC&seasoncode=&categorycode=WC&disciplinecode=&gendercode=L&place=&racenationcode=&competitornationcode=&youngold=old . dead .
- Web site: Verdenscupvinnere i skiidrett nordiske grener . World Cup winners in Nordic skiing . snl.no . Store Norske Leksikon . no . 28 November 2018. 2016-12-16 .
- News: WINTER SPORTS -- CROSS-COUNTRY; Norway's Daehlie Clinches World Cup . . 8 March 1999.