FGF15/19 explained

FGF15/19 refers to two orthologous fibroblast growth factors which share 50% amino acid identity and have similar functions. FGF15 was described in the mouse; FGF19 was found in humans and other species. They share physiological functions and so are often referred to as FGF15/19 or as FGF15/FGF19.^{[1] [2]}

They were first described in developing fetal brain. They are now known to be produced in the ileum, and under certain circumstances in the liver and biliary tree. It is thought their principal function is in response to bile acid absorption occurring after meals.^[3]

FGF15 and FGF19 have similar roles in regulating bile acid synthesis and also glucose metabolism in the liver.^[4]

Notes and References

1. Book: Jones SA . Endocrine FGFS and Klothos . Physiology of FGF15/19 . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . 728 . 171–82 . 2012 . 22396169 . 10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_11 . 978-1-4614-0886-4 .
2. Potthoff MJ, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ . Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine . Genes & Development . 26 . 4 . 312–24 . February 2012 . 22302876 . 3289879 . 10.1101/gad.184788.111 .
3. Gadaleta RM, Moschetta A . Metabolic Messengers: fibroblast growth factor 15/19 . Nature Metabolism . 1 . 6 . 588–594 . June 2019 . 32694803 . 10.1038/s42255-019-0074-3 . 189928662 .
4. Owen BM, Mangelsdorf DJ, Kliewer SA . Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21 . Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism . 26 . 1 . 22–9 . January 2015 . 25476453 . 4277911 . 10.1016/j.tem.2014.10.002 .