| Hongqi | |
| Native Name: | 红旗 |
| Type: | Division |
| Area Served: | Worldwide |
| Location City: | Changchun, Jilin |
| Location Country: | China |
| Industry: | Automotive |
| Products: | Automobiles |
| Owner: | FAW Group |
| Parent: | FAW Group |
Hongqi is a Chinese luxury car brand operated owned by the automaker FAW Group. Hongqi was launched in 1958, making it the oldest Chinese passenger car brand.[1] In Chinese, hongqi means "red flag."
Originally, Hongqi models were only for high-ranking government officials.[2] They ceased production in 1981 but were later revived in the mid-1990s.
While the name has endured, the vehicles that bear the brand have varied significantly. Originally a dignitary's car, the brand's later vehicles have ranged from serving as taxis[3] to low-end business sedans; during the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China parade, the brand returned to its roots by carrying party leaders.
The original Hongqi cars were a luxury item used for the transport of foreign dignitaries and the party elite.[2] Although Chairman Mao claimed not to have been driven in a Hongqi until Nixon's 1972 visit, he did take a personal interest in the cars from the beginning.[4]
Introduced on August 1, 1958, the first Hongqi was the CA72. By September, a convertible version intended to be used by dignitaries in National Day parades had appeared.[5] The CA72's design was based on a 1955 Chrysler.[6] From the beginning, the full-size Hongqi was equipped with a 1470NaN0 V8 engine.[5] The grille was based on a traditional design of a Chinese fan and remains in use on Hongqis today.
First introduced in 1963, the CA770 model remained in production until 1980, albeit in limited numbers. Around 1,600 of these V8-engined Hongqis were built in total,[7] and over the years various versions were released, including a 1965 long-wheelbase model with three rows of seats and a 1969 armored version (CA772).[5]
Between 1995 and 2006, foreign products were manufactured in China and sold as Hongqi models. These included the Audi 100[8] (CA7200/CA7220) and the Lincoln Town Car[6] (CA7460). There were two Audi 100-based versions—the more luxurious "Century Star"[9] and the smaller (1.8-litre) Hongqi Mingshi.[10]
FAW began production of the third generation of Hongqi vehicles in 2006.[11] Named the HQ3 and based on the Toyota Crown Majesta, it saw little market success. First year sales totaled near 500, and while the target for the second year was 1,400 units, the HQ3 would not be profitable until annual sales of 5,000 were reached[12] —something that may never have happened. By October 2007, the price was reduced considerably and the name changed to Shengshi ("Days of Prosperity") in order to better appeal to private buyers. Sales during the first half of 2007 were all from inventory and totaled 788.[13]
Debuting by 2013, 30,000 units of the latest Hongqi model were initially expected to be produced,[14] though a year after launch, less than 5,000 had been sold.[15] Sales are through government procurement; the car is billed as "the official car for minister-level officials."[14] In 2014, the People's Liberation Army purchased at least 1,000 H7 models.[16] A much more expensive model, the L5, was also on sale alongside the H7.[17]
FAW Group held the "Hongqi Brand Strategy Conference" in Beijing's Great Hall of the People on the evening of January 8, 2018. In this conference, the new Hongqi design was released, with a concept car model on display. A new logo was also released at the same time.[18]
From 2018 to 2021, the brand experienced extremely high growth, from 33,000 units in 2018 to over 100,000 in 2019, over 200,000 in 2020, and over 300,000 in 2021, a growth of 63 times in 4 years.[19] [20]
On January 8, 2023, the Hongqi brand released its global strategy for new energy vehicles.[21]
In 2023, Hongqi launched two product lines, "Hongqi Golden Sunflower" and "Hongqi New Energy", based on the main brand, focusing on ultra-luxury cars and pure electric cars respectively.[22]
In 2023, the brand re-entered the minibus market for the first time since selling the Hongqi CA630 minibus[23] in the 1980s, with the 23-seat Hongqi QM7.[24]
In 2023, FAW announced internally the establishment of the Hongqi Brand Operations Committee and carried out a series of organizational and personnel adjustments.[25]
See also: List of FAW vehicles.
| Image | Name(s) | Chinese name | Series | Introduction(year) | Generation | Vehicle description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedan | |||||||
| L5 | 红旗国礼/红旗L5 | Golden Sunflower | 2014 | Second | Full-size Ultra-luxury sedan | ||
| L1 | 红旗国雅 | 2024 | First | Full-size sedan | |||
| H9 | 红旗H9 | 2020 | First | Full-size sedan | |||
| H6 | 红旗H6 | 2023 | First | Mid-size sedan | |||
| H5 | 红旗H5 | 2018 | Second | Mid-size sedan | |||
| EH7 | 红旗EH7 | New Energy | 2024 | First | Mid-size sedan, BEV | ||
| E-QM5 | 红旗E-QM5 | 2021 | First | Compact sedan, BEV | |||
| SUV | |||||||
| LS7 | 红旗国耀/红旗LS7 | Golden Sunflower | 2022 | First | Full-size SUV | ||
| HS7 | 红旗HS7 | 2019 | Second | Mid-size SUV | |||
| HS5 | 红旗HS5 | 2019 | First | Mid-size SUV | |||
| HS3 | 红旗HS3 | 2023 | First | Subcompact SUV | |||
| E-HS9 | 红旗E-HS9 | New Energy | 2020 | First | Full-size SUV, BEV | ||
| EHS7 | 红旗EHS7 | 2024 | First | Mid-size SUV, BEV | |||
| MPV | |||||||
| HQ9 | 红旗HQ9 | 2022 | First | Full-size MPV | |||
| Bus | |||||||
| QM7 | 红旗国悦 | Golden Sunflower | 2024 | First | Single-decker Minibus | ||
Before 2014, Chinese paramount leaders generally used vehicles supplied by the host country when visiting a foreign country. This custom began to change in November 2014, when President Xi Jinping, brought his own Hongqi L5 presidential car on a state visit to New Zealand.[26] [27]
Traditionally, the Chinese paramount leaders used Hongqi as ceremonial cars in the anniversary parade of the People's Republic of China. The ceremonial cars like CA7600J, CA772TJ, CA770TJ and T196 are more retro-looking which inherited from CA72, the very first model of Hongqi brand which used by Chairman Mao Zedong on 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.
The Chinese Government uses Hongqi primarily as state guest car to host foreign head of state. The current state guest car fleet consists of Hongqi L5 and its variants L7 and L9.
| Model | Debuted | Length | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presidential car | ||||
| Hongqi N701 | 2022 | Debuted in visit to Hong Kong by President Xi Jinping during 25th anniversary of handover.[28] [29] Identifiable via lengthened rear windows.Current presidential car of China. | ||
| Hongqi N501 | 2016[30] | 5,500 mm. | Debuted in state visit to Rwanda by President Xi Jinping in 2018.[31] Based on Hongqi L5 with modern styling[32] | |
| Hongqi L5 | 2014 | 5,555 mm | Debuted as the presidential car in state visit to New Zealand by President Xi Jinping in 2014[33] Developed from CA7600J. | |
| Ceremonial car | ||||
| Hongqi T196 | 2019 | Debuted in 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China military parade by President Xi Jinping in 2019[34] [35] | ||
| Hongqi CA7600J | 2009 | 6,400 mm | Debuted in 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China military parade by President Hu Jintao in 2009[36] Also used in China Victory Day Parade by President Xi Jinping in 2015. [37] | |
| Hongqi CA772TJ | 1999 | 5,980 mm | Debuted in 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China military parade by President Jiang Zemin in 1999 | |
| Hongqi CA770TJ | 1984 | 5,980 mm | Debuted in 35th anniversary of the People's Republic of China military parade by Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in 1984 | |
| Hongqi CA72 | 1959 | 5,500 mm | Debuted in 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China military parade by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1959 | |
| State guest car | ||||
| Hongqi L9 | 2013 | 6,400 mm, wheelbase 3900mm | Developed from CA7600J. | |
| Hongqi L7 | 2012 | 6,097 mm, wheelbase 3,600 mm.[38] | Developed from CA7600J. | |
| Hongqi L5 | 2012[39] | 5,555 mm, wheelbase 3,435 mm. | Used for foreign dignitaries. First used to ferry French President François Hollande in 2013.The official state version equipped with 6.0 litre engine and not sold to public Developed from CA7600J. | |
| Model designation | Picture | Production dates | Generation | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedan | |||||
| H7 | 2013–2021 | First | Mid-size sedan | ||
| SUV | |||||
| LS5 | 2015–2017 | First | Full-size SUV, based on CA7600J | ||
| E-HS3 | 2018–2023 | First | Subcompact SUV, BEV | ||
| Production dates | Model designation | Picture | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1958[40] | Dongfeng CA71(东风East Wind) | Simca Vedette body and chassis, Mercedes-Benz 190 engine | ||
| 1958–1965 | CA72 | 1955 Imperial C-69 sedan | ||
| 1966–1981 | CA770 series | 1960s Imperial | ||
| 1972–1979 | CA774 | Five prototypes were built with the intent of replacing the Hongqi CA770. No series production. | ||
| 1980–1987 | CA630 | A bus designed as VIP transport for the government, state-owned high-end hotels and travelling agencies. 19 seater load capacity, fitted with a 4.5 litre V8 engine producing 165 horsepower paired to a 4 speed manual gearbox.[41] | ||
| 1982–1984 | CA750CA760 | A sedan made by Hongqi with Datsun 280C styling cues. Was produced to compete with the Shanghai SH760. A long wheelbase version was also available as the CA760 with only one made.[42] | ||
| 1987 | CA750FCA760 | Dodge 600, did not enter production | ||
| 1989 | CA7225LH | Audi 100 | ||
| 1992–1995 | CA7560 CA7560LH (LWB) | few examples built, modernized 770.[43] | ||
| 1993–1996 | CA7221L | Audi 100 | ||
| 1993–1998 | CA1021U3 pickup | Audi 100 | ||
| 1995–1997 | CA7465C8 | Lincoln Town Car[44] | ||
| 1996–2004[45] [46] | CA7200CA7220 | Audi 100[47] | ||
| 1996–2005[48] | CA5020XJB CA7228L CA7226L | Audi 100 | ||
| 1997 | CA7220EL1 | Audi 100 | ||
| 1997 | CA7220L1 | Audi 100 | ||
| 1998 | CA7240L | Audi 100 | ||
| 1998 | CA7200E3LCA7247L | Audi 100 | ||
| 1998–2005 | CA7460 CA7460L1 CA7460L2 CA7460L3 (Flagship 旗舰) | Lincoln Town Car[49] | ||
| 1998 | CA7220A9EL1 CA7220A9EL2 CA7220A9EL2A2 | Audi 100 | ||
| 1999 | CA7220A9E | Audi 100 | ||
| 2000–2006 | CA7202E3 CA7242E6 CA7182E7[50] (Century Star 世纪星) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2000–2005 | CA7203E3L(Century Star 世纪星) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2001–2003 | CA7180A2E CA7180A3E (Mingshi 明仕) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2001–2003 | CA7180A2EL1(Mingshi 明仕) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2001-2005 | CA7202E3L1 CA7202E6L1 (Century Star 世纪星) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2001–2005 | CA7202A9EL3 CA7202A9EL2 (Century Star 世纪星) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2002–2005 | CA7202E6L(Century Star 世纪星) | Audi 100 | ||
| 2004 | CA7400(Flagship 旗舰) | Remake of the Hongqi CA770 with a lowered roofline based on the 1998–2011 Lincoln Town Car. Prototype only | ||
| 2006–2010[51] | HQ3[52] Shengshi HQ430 (盛世 Days of Prosperity) | Toyota Crown Majesta | ||
| 2009 | HQE | |||
| 2009 | CA7600J |
Hongqi will sometimes make an appearance at autoshows held on Chinese soil, showing off a concept car that attracts attention.
At the 2005 Shanghai International Auto Exhibition, a Hongqi HQD concept car was displayed.[53]
A Hongqi SUV concept was unveiled at the 2007 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition.[54]
At the 2015 Shanghai International Auto Exhibition, Hongqi displayed a concept SUV radically different from its 2007 entry.[55]
At the 2018 Beijing International Auto Exhibition, Hongqi unveiled the electric sports car E-Jing GT Concept.[56]
At the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show, Hongqi unveiled the sports car S9 and the SUV E115.[57]
At the 2021 Shanghai International Auto Exhibition, Hongqi unveiled the luxury limousine L-Concept.[58]
Not strictly a concept car, the V12-powered Hongqi HQE was used by high-ranking official Hu Jintao during parades celebrating the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.[59] It appeared on an official list of upcoming models in 2010 with a retail price of 1.2 million US dollars (which would have made it the most expensive Chinese-built car in history).[60] This model has since been shown at the 2010 Beijing Auto Show as the CA7600L. It is equipped with a 3000NaN0 6.0 L V12 engine developed in-house.[61]
Similarly to the HQE, The Hongqi S9, is not strictly a concept car, it is set to start production in Italy with Silk-FAW,[62] a joint venture between the FAW group and American based design firm Silk EV. the S9 is luxury sports car powered by a combustion 4.0 L twin-turbo V8 engine associated with a hybrid system, providing it with an output of 1,381 hp. The production version of the S9 was introduced in 2021 Auto Shanghai.[63] [64] [65]
Hongqi and another FAW Group brand, Besturn, have exhibited some overlap. In 2007, due to flagging sales, Hongqi showrooms were merged with those of the new Besturn brand.[67] It was thought that giving the Hongqi brand more sales outlets would increase turnover.[68] At the 2010 Beijing Auto Show, Besturn models were shown "under the Hongqi naming series,"[69] and until 2011 the two brands both used the Hongqi "circled one" badging.[70]
A total of 2,534 Hongqi vehicles were sold in China in 2013, making it the 67th largest-selling car brand in the country in that year (and the 41st largest-selling Chinese brand).[71] Hongqi sold 2,774 cars in 2014 and became the 72nd largest car brand in China.[72]
In January 2022, the 2022 China FAW and Hongqi Brand News Annual Conference was held. Data showed that the company's Hongqi brand sales exceeded 300,000 units in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 50.1%, ranking first among the second camp of luxury car brands in the Chinese market. Its growth rate ranks first among luxury car brands.[73]
On January 1, 2024, the retail sales of the Hongqi brand in 2023 exceeded 370,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 29.5%, with positive growth for 6 consecutive years, and its market share ranked first among Chinese brands in the China ICE vehicle market with more than 150,000 yuan.
Hongqi has had a presence in Dubai since December 2018, with 20 vehicles of the H5 and H7 models sold for use in the 2019 NEXT summit.[74]
On December 30, 2020, Hongqi exported 400 H9 and H5 sedans, HS7 and HS5 SUVs to Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.[75]
In September 2021, Hongqi has launched in Norway.[76]
On February 1, 2022, Hongqi launched in Vietnam with the E-HS9 and H9 being the first vehicle to be sold.[77] Hongqi has a presence in Israel as of April 6, 2022 with the launch of the Hongqi E-HS9 under the Samelet Group.[78]
In December 2022, Hongqi launched in Denmark with the E-HS9.[79]
In January 2023, Hongqi launched in Sweden with the E-HS9.[80] Due to poor sales, the model received a significant price cut (300,000 SEK or appx 30,000 USD) half a year later.[81]
A 1978 Hongqi CA770 was featured in a 2017 episode of Jay Leno's Garage.
The Hongqi L5 was reviewed by Jeremy Clarkson in a 2019 film for The Grand Tour taking place in China. Armed with western luxury cars, Clarkson and the other presenters sought to prove that Anglo luxury cars are inferior through a series of performance challenges.[82]
Honqgi E-HS9 was widely reviewed by European and American motor publications, for example,[83] Autocar,[84] InsideEVs,[85] Motor Norge,[86],[87],[88] SvD,[89],[90] Teknikens Värld.[91]