FANCE explained

FANCE should not be confused with France.

List Of Pdb Id Codes:	2ILR, 2W18
Molecular Mass:	58711 Da

Fanconi anemia, complementation group E protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FANCE gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation groufcrp E.

A nuclear complex containing FANCE protein (as well as FANCC, FANCF and FANCG) is essential for the activation of the FANCD2 protein to the mono-ubiquitinated isoform.^[4] In normal, non-mutant cells, FANCD2 is mono-ubiquinated in response to DNA damage. FANCE together with FANCC acts as the substrate adapter for this reaction ^[5] Activated FANCD2 protein co-localizes with BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility protein) at ionizing radiation-induced foci and in synaptonemal complexes of meiotic chromosomes. Activated FANCD2 protein may function prior to the initiation of meiotic recombination, perhaps to prepare chromosomes for synapses, or to regulate subsequent recombination events.

Gene Expression

FANCE is stated to have been expressed in 151 organs with the highest level in female gonads.^[6]

Chromosomal Location

The location of the gene is in 6p21.31, where p is the short arm of chromosome 6 at position 21.31^[7]

The location at molecular level is in base pairs 35,452,339 to 35,467,106 on chromosome 6 (Homo sapiens Annotation Release 109, GRCh38.p12)

Protein Characteristics

The main complex of FA contains a nuclear multi-subunit complex of notably 8 FA proteins. This adds a single ubiquitin chain to the FANCD2 following DNA damage or duplicative pressure.^[8]

For the collection of FANCC, FANCE is important in the nucleus and gathering of the core complex. Some characteristics of FANCE are that it can set itself up with ubiquitinated FANCD2, BRCA2 and constructed nuclear foci. Also, as it is the only member showing direct union with FANCD2 and gives the needed links between FA core complex and FANCD2.^[9]

The structure of FANCE has an epitope on its surface that is found to be important for its binding with FANCD2. The existence of recurrent helical motif was not clear when analysis of amino acids was done.

Protein Structure

It consists of 13 α-helices, 1 3₁₀-helix and no β-strand. Long shaped, non-globular shape and 70 Å n size. Width of 30 Å and thickness 20 Å. The protein folds continuously in right-handed manner from N- to C- terminal. Identifying it is easy because of its helices at the end of C-end.

Function

It restores DNA cross-links and is needed for nuclear accumulation of FANCC, delivering a critical bridge between FA complex and FANCD2.^[10]

FANCE-deficient mice exhibit a reduced number of oocytes and disruption of prophase I of meiosis^[11] indicating that FANCE has an essential role in meiosis.

Applications

• FANCE has its application in Western Blot and IHC-P (Immunohistochemistry) where the predicted molecular weight was 58 kDa in Western blot and antigen recovery with citrate buffer pH6 was done before the onset of IHC-P.
• FANCE is also used in Gene Mapping, here homozygosity mapping, where it is fused with 3 DNA cells that will help in calculating the sensitivity to composites of Mitomycin C, a DNA cross-linking agent (Sigma). It also then examines the use of micro satellite markers D6S422 and D6S1610,^[12] for linking. From this, a chromosomal region on chromosome 6p is located for FANCE.^[12]
• Immunoblotting showed that FANCE-L348M and FANCE-E263K mutants showed a division in the nuclear membrane of FA-E EUFA409 LCL indicating that irrespective of FANCE having putative nuclear localization signals,^[13] it limits primarily to the nucleus.

Interactions

FANCE has been shown to interact with:

• FANCA,^[14]
• FANCD2,^[15]
• FANCF^[16]
• FANCG, and
• FANCC.^{[17] [18] [19] [20]}

Further reading

• Wegner RD, Henrichs I, Joenje H, Schroeder-Kurth T . Fanconi anemia complementation group E: clinical and cytogenetic data of the first patient . Clinical Genetics . 50 . 6 . 479–82 . December 1996 . 9147877 . 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1996.tb02716.x . 23242981 .
• Joenje H, Oostra AB, Wijker M, di Summa FM, van Berkel CG, Rooimans MA, Ebell W, van Weel M, Pronk JC, Buchwald M, Arwert F . Evidence for at least eight Fanconi anemia genes . American Journal of Human Genetics . 61 . 4 . 940–4 . October 1997 . 9382107 . 1715980 . 10.1086/514881 .
• Waisfisz Q, Saar K, Morgan NV, Altay C, Leegwater PA, de Winter JP, Komatsu K, Evans GR, Wegner RD, Reis A, Joenje H, Arwert F, Mathew CG, Pronk JC, Digweed M . The Fanconi anemia group E gene, FANCE, maps to chromosome 6p . American Journal of Human Genetics . 64 . 5 . 1400–5 . May 1999 . 10205272 . 1377877 . 10.1086/302385 .
• Medhurst AL, Huber PA, Waisfisz Q, de Winter JP, Mathew CG . Direct interactions of the five known Fanconi anaemia proteins suggest a common functional pathway . Human Molecular Genetics . 10 . 4 . 423–9 . February 2001 . 11157805 . 10.1093/hmg/10.4.423 . free .
• Pace P, Johnson M, Tan WM, Mosedale G, Sng C, Hoatlin M, de Winter J, Joenje H, Gergely F, Patel KJ . FANCE: the link between Fanconi anaemia complex assembly and activity . The EMBO Journal . 21 . 13 . 3414–23 . July 2002 . 12093742 . 125396 . 10.1093/emboj/cdf355 .
• Taniguchi T, D'Andrea AD . The Fanconi anemia protein, FANCE, promotes the nuclear accumulation of FANCC . Blood . 100 . 7 . 2457–62 . October 2002 . 12239156 . 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0860 . free .
• Gordon SM, Buchwald M . Fanconi anemia protein complex: mapping protein interactions in the yeast 2- and 3-hybrid systems . Blood . 102 . 1 . 136–41 . July 2003 . 12649160 . 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3517 . free .
• Meetei AR, Sechi S, Wallisch M, Yang D, Young MK, Joenje H, Hoatlin ME, Wang W . A multiprotein nuclear complex connects Fanconi anemia and Bloom syndrome . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 23 . 10 . 3417–26 . May 2003 . 12724401 . 164758 . 10.1128/MCB.23.10.3417-3426.2003 .
• Meetei AR, de Winter JP, Medhurst AL, Wallisch M, Waisfisz Q, van de Vrugt HJ, Oostra AB, Yan Z, Ling C, Bishop CE, Hoatlin ME, Joenje H, Wang W . A novel ubiquitin ligase is deficient in Fanconi anemia . Nature Genetics . 35 . 2 . 165–70 . October 2003 . 12973351 . 10.1038/ng1241 . 10149290 .
• Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S, Davies A, Masson JY, Moses R, West SC, de Winter JP, Ashworth A, Jones NJ, Mathew CG . Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways . Human Molecular Genetics . 13 . 12 . 1241–8 . June 2004 . 15115758 . 10.1093/hmg/ddh135 . free .
• Wang X, Andreassen PR, D'Andrea AD . Functional interaction of monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and BRCA2/FANCD1 in chromatin . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 24 . 13 . 5850–62 . July 2004 . 15199141 . 480901 . 10.1128/MCB.24.13.5850-5862.2004 .
• Meetei AR, Levitus M, Xue Y, Medhurst AL, Zwaan M, Ling C, Rooimans MA, Bier P, Hoatlin M, Pals G, de Winter JP, Wang W, Joenje H . X-linked inheritance of Fanconi anemia complementation group B . Nature Genetics . 36 . 11 . 1219–24 . November 2004 . 15502827 . 10.1038/ng1458 . free .
• Meetei AR, Medhurst AL, Ling C, Xue Y, Singh TR, Bier P, Steltenpool J, Stone S, Dokal I, Mathew CG, Hoatlin M, Joenje H, de Winter JP, Wang W . A human ortholog of archaeal DNA repair protein Hef is defective in Fanconi anemia complementation group M . Nature Genetics . 37 . 9 . 958–63 . September 2005 . 16116422 . 2704909 . 10.1038/ng1626 .
• Gordon SM, Alon N, Buchwald M . FANCC, FANCE, and FANCD2 form a ternary complex essential to the integrity of the Fanconi anemia DNA damage response pathway . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 280 . 43 . 36118–25 . October 2005 . 16127171 . 10.1074/jbc.M507758200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Joenje H, Lo ten Foe JR, Oostra AB, van Berkel CG, Rooimans MA, Schroeder-Kurth T, Wegner RD, Gille JJ, Buchwald M, Arwert F . Classification of Fanconi anemia patients by complementation analysis: evidence for a fifth genetic subtype . Blood . 86 . 6 . 2156–60 . September 1995 . 7662964 . 10.1182/blood.V86.6.2156.bloodjournal8662156. free .
2. de Winter JP, Léveillé F, van Berkel CG, Rooimans MA, van Der Weel L, Steltenpool J, Demuth I, Morgan NV, Alon N, Bosnoyan-Collins L, Lightfoot J, Leegwater PA, Waisfisz Q, Komatsu K, Arwert F, Pronk JC, Mathew CG, Digweed M, Buchwald M, Joenje H . Isolation of a cDNA representing the Fanconi anemia complementation group E gene . American Journal of Human Genetics . 67 . 5 . 1306–8 . November 2000 . 11001585 . 1288571 . 10.1016/S0002-9297(07)62959-0 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: FANCE Fanconi anemia, complementation group E.
4. Garcia-Higuera I, Taniguchi T, Ganesan S, Meyn MS, Timmers C, Hejna J, Grompe M, D'Andrea AD . Interaction of the Fanconi anemia proteins and BRCA1 in a common pathway . Molecular Cell . 7 . 2 . 249–62 . February 2001 . 11239454 . 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00173-3 . free .
5. van Twest S, Murphy VJ, Hodson C, Tan W, Swuec P, O'Rourke JJ, Heierhorst J, Crismani W, Deans AJ . Mechanism of Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway . Molecular Cell . 65 . 2 . 247–259 . January 2017 . 27986371 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.005 . free . 2434/618936 . free .
6. Web site: FANCE - Fanconi anemia group E protein - Homo sapiens (Human) - FANCE gene & protein. www.uniprot.org. en. 2018-11-09.
7. Web site: FANCE FA complementation group E [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. en. 2018-11-09.
8. Garcia-Higuera I, Taniguchi T, Ganesan S, Meyn MS, Timmers C, Hejna J, Grompe M, D'Andrea AD . Interaction of the Fanconi anemia proteins and BRCA1 in a common pathway . Molecular Cell . 7 . 2 . 249–62 . February 2001 . 11239454 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00173-3 . free .
9. Nookala RK, Hussain S, Pellegrini L . Insights into Fanconi Anaemia from the structure of human FANCE . Nucleic Acids Research . 35 . 5 . 1638–48 . 2007 . 17308347 . 1865054 . 10.1093/nar/gkm033 .
10. Web site: Anti-FANCE antibody (ab126177) Abcam. www.abcam.com. en. 2018-11-09.
11. 35671285 . 2022 . Yin . H. . Suye . S. . Zhou . Z. . Cai . H. . Fu . C. . The reduction of oocytes and disruption of the meiotic prophase I in Fanconi anemia E-deficient mice . Reproduction . 164 . 3 . 71–82 . 10.1530/REP-21-0421 . 249432754 .
12. Waisfisz Q, Saar K, Morgan NV, Altay C, Leegwater PA, de Winter JP, Komatsu K, Evans GR, Wegner RD, Reis A, Joenje H, Arwert F, Mathew CG, Pronk JC, Digweed M . The Fanconi anemia group E gene, FANCE, maps to chromosome 6p . American Journal of Human Genetics . 64 . 5 . 1400–5 . May 1999 . 10205272 . 1377877 . 10.1086/302385 .
13. de Winter JP, Léveillé F, van Berkel CG, Rooimans MA, van Der Weel L, Steltenpool J, Demuth I, Morgan NV, Alon N, Bosnoyan-Collins L, Lightfoot J, Leegwater PA, Waisfisz Q, Komatsu K, Arwert F, Pronk JC, Mathew CG, Digweed M, Buchwald M, Joenje H . Isolation of a cDNA representing the Fanconi anemia complementation group E gene . American Journal of Human Genetics . 67 . 5 . 1306–8 . November 2000 . 11001585 . 1288571 . 10.1016/s0002-9297(07)62959-0 .
14. Meetei AR, de Winter JP, Medhurst AL, Wallisch M, Waisfisz Q, van de Vrugt HJ, Oostra AB, Yan Z, Ling C, Bishop CE, Hoatlin ME, Joenje H, Wang W . A novel ubiquitin ligase is deficient in Fanconi anemia . Nature Genetics . 35 . 2 . 165–70 . October 2003 . 12973351 . 10.1038/ng1241 . 10149290 .
15. Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S, Davies A, Masson JY, Moses R, West SC, de Winter JP, Ashworth A, Jones NJ, Mathew CG . Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways . Human Molecular Genetics . 13 . 12 . 1241–8 . June 2004 . 15115758 . 10.1093/hmg/ddh135 . free .
16. Léveillé F, Blom E, Medhurst AL, Bier P, Laghmani M, Johnson M, Rooimans MA, Sobeck A, Waisfisz Q, Arwert F, Patel KJ, Hoatlin ME, Joenje H, de Winter JP . The Fanconi anemia gene product FANCF is a flexible adaptor protein . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 38 . 39421–30 . September 2004 . 15262960 . 10.1074/jbc.M407034200 . free .
17. Taniguchi T, D'Andrea AD . The Fanconi anemia protein, FANCE, promotes the nuclear accumulation of FANCC . Blood . 100 . 7 . 2457–62 . October 2002 . 12239156 . 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0860 . free .
18. Medhurst AL, Huber PA, Waisfisz Q, de Winter JP, Mathew CG . Direct interactions of the five known Fanconi anaemia proteins suggest a common functional pathway . Human Molecular Genetics . 10 . 4 . 423–9 . February 2001 . 11157805 . 10.1093/hmg/10.4.423 . free .
19. Pace P, Johnson M, Tan WM, Mosedale G, Sng C, Hoatlin M, de Winter J, Joenje H, Gergely F, Patel KJ . FANCE: the link between Fanconi anaemia complex assembly and activity . The EMBO Journal . 21 . 13 . 3414–23 . July 2002 . 12093742 . 125396 . 10.1093/emboj/cdf355 .
20. Gordon SM, Buchwald M . Fanconi anemia protein complex: mapping protein interactions in the yeast 2- and 3-hybrid systems . Blood . 102 . 1 . 136–41 . July 2003 . 12649160 . 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3517 . free .