FAM86B1 explained

FAM86B1 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the FAM86B1 gene. FAM86B1 is an essential gene in humans.[1] The protein contains two domains: FAM86, and AdoMet-MTase.

FAM86B1 homologs are found in most eukaryotes, from mammals to plants such as wild soybean.

Gene

FAM86B1 in the human genome is located at 8p23.1, spanning about 12,000 base pairs. FAM86B1 contains 9 exons.[2]

8p23.1 is the location of one of the largest and most common genetic inversions in humans.[3] FAM86B1 is upregulated in inv-8p23.1.[4] In the non-inverted allele 8p23.1, FAM86B1 is on the negative strand.[5] In the allele inv-8p23.1, FAM86B1 is on the positive strand.[6]

Production

In humans, there are 20 alternative splicings of FAM86B1, and 19 mRNA transcripts. In humans, FAM86B1 is expressed ubiquitously,[7] and most strongly in brain tissues and the pituitary gland.[8]

Protein

The human FAM86B1 protein contains two domains, FAM86 and AdoMet-MTase, making FAM86B1 a member of these two protein families.[9] The human FAM86B1 gene encodes 13 protein isoforms. FAM86B1 is a non-classically secreted protein, targeted to the peroxisome by a C-terminus signal.[10]

FAM86B1 interacts with ubiquitin-C[11] and FAM86C1.[12]

Evolution

FAM86B1 homologs are seen in most eukaryotes, but are not found in distant plants, such as green algae. Wild soybean is the most distant species from humans with a FAM86B1 homolog.

FAM86B1 in humans is paralogous with other FAM86 protein-coding genes.

Human FAM86 protein-coding genes!Gene symbol!Gene location!NCBI gene ID
EEF2KMT16p13.3196483
FAM86B18p23.185002
FAM86B28p23.1653333
FAM86B38p23.1286042
LOC1289666228p23.1128966622
FAM86C111q13.455199
FAM86C211q13.2645332

Clinical significance

Cancer

Alternative splicings of FAM86B1 are associated with decreased relapse in rectal cancer[13] and surviving longer in glioblastoma.[14] In bladder urothelial carcinoma, a differing FAM86B1 expression pattern compared to noncancer controls is associated with surviving longer.[15] In glioma, lower survival rates are associated with downregulation of FAM86B1.[16] Loss of FAM86B1 expression is associated with uterine carcinosarcoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and bladder urothelial carcinoma.[17]

Infection

Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with downregulation of FAM86B1.[18] Enterovirus-71, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, binds to FAM86B1.[19] FAM86B1 is upregulated after exposure to the infection agent of Candida albicans.[20]

Inflammation

FAM86B1 is upregulated after exposure to oS100A4, a potential trigger of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. FAM86B1 is downregulated after remote ischemic preconditioning, which inhibits inflammation regulation.[21]

Notes and References

  1. Francis JW, Shao Z, Narkhede P, Trinh AT, Lu J, Song J, Gozani O . The FAM86 domain of FAM86A confers substrate specificity to promote EEF2-Lys525 methylation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 299 . 7 . 104842 . July 2023 . 37209825 . 10285254 . 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104842 . Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . free .
  2. Web site: FAM86B1 family with sequence similarity 86 member B1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI ]. 2023-09-28 . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  3. Salm MP, Horswell SD, Hutchison CE, Speedy HE, Yang X, Liang L, Schadt EE, Cookson WO, Wierzbicki AS, Naoumova RP, Shoulders CC . The origin, global distribution, and functional impact of the human 8p23 inversion polymorphism . Genome Research . 22 . 6 . 1144–1153 . June 2012 . 22399572 . 3371712 . 10.1101/gr.126037.111 .
  4. Carreras-Gallo N, Cáceres A, Balagué-Dobón L, Ruiz-Arenas C, Andrusaityte S, Carracedo Á, Casas M, Chatzi L, Grazuleviciene R, Gutzkow KB, Lepeule J, Maitre L, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Slama R, Stratakis N, Thomsen C, Urquiza J, Wright J, Yang T, Escaramís G, Bustamante M, Vrijheid M, Pérez-Jurado LA, González JR . The early-life exposome modulates the effect of polymorphic inversions on DNA methylation . Communications Biology . 5 . 1 . 455 . May 2022 . 35550596 . 9098634 . 10.1038/s42003-022-03380-2 .
  5. Web site: Homo sapiens genome assembly GRCh38.p14 . 2023-10-23 . NCBI . en.
  6. Web site: Homo sapiens genome assembly T2T-CHM13v2.0 . 2023-10-23 . NCBI . en.
  7. Web site: 4702180 - GEO Profiles - NCBI . 2023-12-13 . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  8. Web site: FAM86B1 transcriptomics data - The Human Protein Atlas . 2023-09-28 . www.proteinatlas.org.
  9. Web site: putative protein N-methyltransferase FAM86B1 [Homo sapiens] - Protein ]. 2023-10-23 . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine .
  10. Web site: PSORT Users' Manual . 2023-12-13 . psort.hgc.jp.
  11. Kim W, Bennett EJ, Huttlin EL, Guo A, Li J, Possemato A, Sowa ME, Rad R, Rush J, Comb MJ, Harper JW, Gygi SP . Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome . Molecular Cell . 44 . 2 . 325–340 . October 2011 . 21906983 . 3200427 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.025 .
  12. Huttlin EL, Bruckner RJ, Navarrete-Perea J, Cannon JR, Baltier K, Gebreab F, Gygi MP, Thornock A, Zarraga G, Tam S, Szpyt J, Gassaway BM, Panov A, Parzen H, Fu S, Golbazi A, Maenpaa E, Stricker K, Guha Thakurta S, Zhang T, Rad R, Pan J, Nusinow DP, Paulo JA, Schweppe DK, Vaites LP, Harper JW, Gygi SP . Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome . Cell . 184 . 11 . 3022–3040.e28 . May 2021 . 33961781 . 8165030 . 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.011 .
  13. Zhang Z, Ji M, Lv Y, Feng Q, Zheng P, Mao Y, Xu Y, He G, Xu J . A signature predicting relapse based on integrated analysis on relapse-associated alternative mRNA splicing in I-III rectal cancer . Genomics . 112 . 5 . 3274–3283 . September 2020 . 32544549 . 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.021 . free .
  14. Zhao L, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xuan S, Zhao P . Comprehensive Characterization of Alternative mRNA Splicing Events in Glioblastoma: Implications for Prognosis, Molecular Subtypes, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling . Frontiers in Oncology . 10 . 555632 . 2021 . 33575206 . 7870873 . 10.3389/fonc.2020.555632 . free .
  15. Yan J, Li P, Gao R, Li Y, Chen L . Identifying Critical States of Complex Diseases by Single-Sample Jensen-Shannon Divergence . Frontiers in Oncology . 11 . 684781 . 2021 . 34150649 . 8212786 . 10.3389/fonc.2021.684781 . free .
  16. Yang S, Zheng Y, Zhou L, Jin J, Deng Y, Yao J, Yang P, Yao L, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Li N, Lyu L, Dai Z . miR-499 rs3746444 and miR-196a-2 rs11614913 Are Associated with the Risk of Glioma, but Not the Prognosis . Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids . 22 . 340–351 . December 2020 . 33230439 . 7527625 . 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.038 .
  17. Carlson SM, Gozani O . Nonhistone Lysine Methylation in the Regulation of Cancer Pathways . Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine . 6 . 11 . a026435 . November 2016 . 27580749 . 5088510 . 10.1101/cshperspect.a026435 .
  18. Besteman SB, Callaghan A, Langedijk AC, Hennus MP, Meyaard L, Mokry M, Bont LJ, Calis JJ . Transcriptome of airway neutrophils reveals an interferon response in life-threatening respiratory syncytial virus infection . Clinical Immunology . 220 . 108593 . November 2020 . 32920212 . 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108593 . free .
  19. Book: Rattanakomol P . Investigation of Role of Enterovirus A71 Nonstructural 3A Protein and Interacting Protein in Viral Replication . 17 May 2021 . Thammasat University . Dissertation Advisor Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul. Dissertation Co-Advisors Wanpen Chaicumpa, Pornpimon Angkasekwinai, Pongsri Tongtawe, Potjanee Srimanote, Suganya Yongkiettrakul . en . Doctoral dissertation . Ref. code: 25635712330041SLF.
  20. Neidhart M, Pajak A, Laskari K, Riksen NP, Joosten LA, Netea MG, Lutgens E, Stroes ES, Ciurea A, Distler O, Grigorian M, Karouzakis E . Oligomeric S100A4 Is Associated With Monocyte Innate Immune Memory and Bypass of Tolerance to Subsequent Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharides . Frontiers in Immunology . 10 . 791 . 2019 . 31037071 . 6476283 . 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00791 . free .
  21. Lou Z, Wu W, Chen R, Xia J, Shi H, Ge H, Xue J, Wang H, Lin Z, Chu M, Zhao Q . Microarray analysis reveals a potential role of lncRNA expression in remote ischemic preconditioning in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury . American Journal of Translational Research . 13 . 1 . 234–252 . 2021-01-15 . 33527021 . 7847506 .

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