FAM83H explained

FAM83H is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the FAM83H gene. The protein is also known as uncharacterized protein FAM83H. FAM83H is targeted for the nucleus. It is predicted to play a role in the structural development and calcification of tooth enamel.

Gene

Location

FAM83H is located on the long arm of chromosome 8 (8q24.3), starting at 143723933 and ending at 143738030. The FAM83H gene spans 14097 base pairs and is orientated on the—strand. The coding region is made up of 5,604 base pairs and 5 exons.^[1]

Expression

FAM83H is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body at relatively low levels.^{[2] [3]}

Transcript Variants

In humans, there is only one known major product of the FAM83H gene.^{[4] [5] [6]}

Homology

Paralogs

There are no paralogs of FAM83H.^[7]

Orthologs

Below is a table of orthologs to the human FAM83H protein. The table include closely, intermediately and distantly related orthologs.

Orthologs of the human protein FAM83H are listed above in descending order or date of divergence and then ascending order of percent identity. FAM83H is highly conserved throughout all orthologs, demonstrated by a 40% identity in the least similar ortholog. FAM83H has evolved slowly and evenly over time.^{[8] [9]}

Protein

General Properties

The molecular weight of FAM83H is 127.1kD and contains 1179 amino acids. The isoelectric point is 6.52. There are no significant positive or negative charge clusters in the protein. There is a stretch of 21 0’s from 254-275 and a stretch of 24 0’s from 420-444.1 ^[10]

Composition

FAM83H is proline rich, being 10.32% protein, and is asparagine deficient with only 1.1%. The percent composition of each amino acid is fairly consistent throughout the orthologs of the protein. The most distant ortholog displays the most variance in amino acid composition.

Domains

FAM83H has two known domains. The PLDc_FAM83H (phospholipase like domain) domain stretches from 17-281 on FAM83H. It lacks the functionally important histidine, so while it may share similar structure it most likely lacks PLD activity. The MIP-T3 microtubule binding domain stretches from 909-1176.^[11]

Post-translational modifications

FAM83H is highly phosphorylated post modification. There are 11 predicted phosphorylated sites. There are two motifs with high probability of post translational modification sumoylation sites. Sumoylation sites are involved in a number of cellular processes, including nuclear-cytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation and protein stability. FAM83H does not have a signal peptide

Secondary Structure

Fam83H is primarily composed of alpha helices and random coils. Alpha helices comprise the majority of the protein. There is a transmembrane domain from 231-252.^{[12] [13]}

Subcellular Localization

Protein FAM83H is targeted to the nucleus.^[14]

Interacting Proteins

FAM83H was found to interact with WDR72 and MMP20.^[15] MMP20 is responsible for the breakdown of extracellular matrix and plays a role in tissue remodeling in ameloblasts. mutations in WDR72 is thought to play a role in amelogenesis imperfecta

Clinical Significance

Disease Association

People who suffer from amelogenesis imperfecta have lost function in FAM83H.^{[16] [17]}

References

1. Web site: NCBI gene database. NCBI.
2. Web site: GEO profiles. NCBI geo profiles.
3. Web site: EST profiles. NCBI EST profiles.
4. Web site: Emsembl. Vega.
5. Web site: Genecards. The Gene Human Database.
6. Web site: Aceview. NCBI.
7. Web site: Genecards. The Gene Human Database.
8. Web site: BLAST. NCBI.
9. Web site: Hedges. SB. TimeTree. Bioinformatics.
10. Web site: SAPS . Statistical Analysis of Protein Sequence, Biology Workbench .
11. Web site: NCBI Structure. The Gene Human Database.
12. Web site: PELE. San Diego Supercomputer Center.
13. Web site: CHOFAS (Predict Secondary Structure of PS. Chou-Fasman. 2015-05-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20030811031200/http://seqtool.sdsc.edu/. 2003-08-11. dead.
14. Web site: PSORT II. Expasy.
15. Web site: IntAct. EMNL-EBI.
16. Web site: NCBI gene database. NCBI.
17. Web site: Genecards. The Gene Human Database.

Further reading

• Kim JW, Lee SK, Lee ZH . FAM83H mutations in families with autosomal-dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 82 . 2 . 489–94 . 2008 . 18252228 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.020 . 2427219 . etal.
• Ding Y, Estrella MR, Hu YY . Fam83h is associated with intracellular vesicles and ADHCAI . J. Dent. Res. . 88 . 11 . 991–6 . 2009 . 19828885 . 10.1177/0022034509349454 . 2835506 . etal.
• Hart PS, Becerik S, Cogulu D . Novel FAM83H mutations in Turkish families with autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta . Clin. Genet. . 75 . 4 . 401–4 . 2009 . 19220331 . 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01112.x . etal. 4264522 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791. free .
• Lee SK, Hu JC, Bartlett JD . Mutational spectrum of FAM83H: the C-terminal portion is required for tooth enamel calcification . Hum. Mutat. . 29 . 8 . E95–9 . 2008 . 18484629 . 10.1002/humu.20789 . 2889227 . etal.
• El-Sayed W, Shore RC, Parry DA . Ultrastructural analyses of deciduous teeth affected by hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta from a family with a novel Y458X FAM83H nonsense mutation . Cells Tissues Organs (Print) . 191 . 3 . 235–9 . 2010 . 20160442 . 10.1159/000252801 . etal. 4432877 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241. 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S . Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation . Nat. Biotechnol. . 22 . 6 . 707–16 . 2004 . 15146197 . 10.1038/nbt971 . 27764390 . etal.
• Wright JT, Frazier-Bowers S, Simmons D . Phenotypic variation in FAM83H-associated amelogenesis imperfecta . J. Dent. Res. . 88 . 4 . 356–60 . 2009 . 19407157 . 10.1177/0022034509333822 . 2754853 . etal.
• Hyun HK, Lee SK, Lee KE . Identification of a novel FAM83H mutation and microhardness of an affected molar in autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta . International Endodontic Journal . 42 . 11 . 1039–43 . 2009 . 19825039 . 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01617.x . etal.