| Native Name: | Eyālet-i Ṭrāblus-ı Şām طرابلس الشام |
| Conventional Long Name: | Tripoli Eyalet |
| Common Name: | Tripoli Eyalet |
| Subdivision: | Eyalet |
| Nation: | the Ottoman Empire |
| Year Start: | 1579 |
| Year End: | 1864 |
| P1: | Damascus Eyalet |
| Flag P1: | Ottoman Flag.svg |
| P2: | Aleppo Eyalet |
| Flag P2: | Ottoman Flag.svg |
| S1: | Beirut Vilayet |
| Flag S1: | Ottoman Flag.svg |
| S2: | Syria Vilayet |
| Image Map Caption: | The Tripoli Eyalet in 1609 |
| Capital: | Tripoli |
| Today: | Lebanon Syria |
Tripoli Eyalet (Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: ایالت طرابلس شام|Eyālet-i Ṭrāblus-ı Şām;[1] Arabic: طرابلس الشام) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. The capital was in Tripoli, Lebanon. Its reported area in the 19th century was 1629sqmi.[2]
It extended along the coast, from the southern limits of the Amanus mountains in the north, to the gorge of Maameltein to the south, which separated it from the territory of the sanjak of Sidon-Beirut.[3]
Along with the chiefly Sunni Muslim and Maronite Christian coastal towns of Latakia, Jableh, Baniyas, Tartus, Tripoli, Batrun and Byblos, the eyalet included the Wadi al-Nasara valley (the Valley of the Christians), the An-Nusayriyah Mountains, inhabited by Alawites, as well as the northern reaches of the Lebanon range, where the majority of inhabitants were Maronite Christians.[3]
Ottoman rule in the region began in 1516,[4] but the eyalet wasn't established until 1579, when it was created from the north-western districts of the eyalets of Damascus and Aleppo.[5] Previously, it had been an eyalet for a few months in 1521.[3]
From the time of the Ottoman conquest in 1516 until 1579, the affairs of the sanjak were under the control of the Turkoman ‘Assaf emirs of Ghazir in Kisrawan.[3] When the eyalet was reconstituted in 1579, a new Turkoman family was put in charge, the Sayfas, and they held power until the death of the family's patriarch, Yusuf, in 1625.[3] The Sayfas were frequently dismissed as governors, mainly for failing to meet their financial obligations to the state, rather than for being rebellious.[3]
From 1800 to 1808, 1810–20 and 1821–35 the governor of the eyalet was Mustafa Agha Barbar.
Eyalet consisted of five sanjaks between 1700 and 1740 as follows:[6]
. Abdul-Rahim Abu-Husayn . Abdulrahim Abu-Husayn . The View from Istanbul: Ottoman Lebanon and the Druze Emirate. 2013-05-25. 2004. I.B.Tauris. 978-1-86064-856-4. 91–92.