The Explorers Club Explained

The Explorers Club is an American-based international multidisciplinary professional society with the goal of promoting scientific exploration and field study. The club was founded in New York City in 1904 and has served as a meeting point for explorers and scientists worldwide.

The Explorers Club hosts an annual dinner to honor accomplishments in exploration, which is known for its adventurous, exotic cuisine.^{[1] [2]}

History

In 1904, a group of men active in exploration met at the request of noted journalist, historian and explorer Henry Collins Walsh to form an organization to unite explorers in the bonds of good fellowship and to promote the work of exploration by every means in its power.^[3] Joining Walsh were Adolphus Greely, Donaldson Smith, Carl Lumholtz, Marshall Saville, Frederick Dellenbaugh and David Brainard. After several further informal meetings, The Explorers Club was incorporated on October 25, 1905. Women were first admitted in 1981, with a class including Sylvia Earle and Kathryn Sullivan.^[4] Famous honorary members have included Theodore Roosevelt, John Glenn, Jim Fowler, Walter Cronkite, Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh, Sir Edmund Hillary, Buzz Aldrin and Albert I Prince of Monaco.^[5]

The Explorers Club has 34 chapters in the United States and around the world,^[6] which serve as local contact points for explorers, scientists and students. Many chapters hold monthly dinners, lectures and seminars, award field-research grants to students, publish newsletters and organize expeditions, field trips and educational events.^[7]

Charter members

• David Legge Brainard (1856–1946): U.S. Army Lieutenant-Colonel: Sioux, Bannock, and Nez Perce Campaigns; Survivor, Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (1881–1884); in 1882 claimed Farthest North at 83º24’30” North latitude
• Frank Chapman (1864–1945): Curator of Birds and Mammals, American Museum of Natural History
• Frederick Cook (1865–1940): Surgeon and ethnologist to the first Peary Expedition to Greenland (1892); leader of the SS Miranda Expedition (1894); surgeon on the Belgica Expedition (1897–1898), the first ship to winter over in the Antarctic; founding member of the American Alpine Club (1902)
• Herschel Clifford Parker (1867–1931): Professor of Physics, Columbia University; mountaineer; author; founding member of the American Alpine Club (1902)
• Marshall Howard Saville (1867–1935): Professor of American Archaeology, Columbia University; Curator of Archaeology, American Museum of Natural History
• Henry Collins Walsh (1863–1927): Journalist; historian; explorer of Central America and Greenland; founding member of Arctic Club of America (1894);^[8] nominal "Founder" of The Explorers Club (1904)
• Caspar Whitney (1862–1929): War correspondent, explorer of North and South America, outdoorsman, sports journalist, member of the International Olympic Committee (1900–1905), author; Editor, Outing magazine

Fellows and Members

The Explorers Club has approximately 3,500 members worldwide, with members from every continent and in more than 60 countries. The club differentiates exploration for field science from exploratory travel for tourism. Individuals eligible for membership are those who engage in or support field science expeditions aimed at exploring unfamiliar or poorly understood locations or phenomena, with the goal of acquiring knowledge for the benefit of humanity. The focus is on individuals who have gained practical experience by actively participating in fieldwork as participants in one or more documented scientific expeditions.^[9] The club has made it a priority to expand its membership to include qualified explorers from across a range of diversities, including race, culture, gender, age, sexual orientation, geography and socio-economic level, as well as explorers with disabilities.

Membership of the club is divided into two categories. Fellows have made documented contributions to scientific knowledge through field expeditions. Members have evidenced a sustained interest and participation in some aspect of field exploration and have contributed in broad terms to the cause of exploration and the furthering of scientific knowledge.^[9]

Famous firsts

The Explorers Club is renowned for various "Famous Firsts" accomplished by its members, including:^{[10] [11]}

• First to the North Pole (1909) – Robert E. Peary (honorary membership in 1912) & Matthew Henson Robert Peary's claim to have been the first to the North Pole has been disputed and current consensus does not support his claim. However, in 1968 Ralph Plaisted became the first undisputed person to reach the North Pole over land.^{[12] [13] [14] [15]}
• First to the South Pole (1911) – Roald Amundsen, honorary membership in 1912
• First to the summit of Mt. Everest (1953) – Sir Edmund Hillary & Tenzing Norgay, elected honorary members 1953
• First to the deepest point in the ocean (1960) – Don Walsh (honorary member 1997) & Jacques Piccard
• First to the surface of the Moon (1969) – Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin

Headquarters

The Explorers Club held its first regular meeting at its original headquarters in the Studio Building at 23 West 67th Street in New York City. The club finished construction on its next headquarters at 544 Cathedral Parkway in 1928 and there the club continued to expand its extensive collection of artifacts, trophies and books on exploration. In 1965, spurred by Lowell Thomas, the club purchased its current headquarters on the Upper East Side, a six-story Jacobean revival mansion on East 70th Street, where it houses the James B. Ford Exploration Library, the Sir Edmund Hillary Map Room and a collection of artifacts from more than a century of exploration. The building was previously the home of Stephen C. Clark. Certain designated rooms of the club are open to the general public.

Lectures and publications

In the 1920s, the club began to invite both explorers returning from the field and visiting scientists to relate their experiences and findings. By the 1930s these informal gatherings developed into academic lectures and illustrated talks. The club continues to provide weekly lectures and programs, which are often open to the public at its headquarters.^[16] In November 1921, The Explorers Club published the first edition of The Explorers Journal to share news from the field, remarks from headquarters, recent acquisitions, obituaries and book reviews. The Explorers Journal is still published quarterly,^[17] with articles and photography from Explorers Club members in the field.

Television series

In 2022, The Explorers Club and Discovery Channel formed a partnership to produce a series called Tales from The Explorers Club, which is hosted by Explorers Club member Josh Gates. The series covered stories about other famous Explorers Club members such as Ernest Shackleton, Sir Edmund Hillary, Gertrude Bell, Jim Lovell and Jeff Bezos.^[18]

The Explorers Club flag

The Explorers Club flag has been carried on hundreds of expeditions by club members since 1918. To carry the club flag is an honor and a privilege. It has flown at both poles, from the highest peaks of the greatest mountain ranges, traveled to the depths of the ocean, to the lunar surface, and outer space. A flag expedition must further the cause of exploration and field science.Use of the flag is governed by stringent standards. To obtain permission to carry the flag, a club member must show that the expedition holds the promise of scientific results. The flag must be exhibited at every suitable opportunity on the expedition, and must be returned to the club along with a written record of the expedition, called the Flag Report. The club's Research Collections is the repository for these unique reports, including the original "Flag Book" — a bound journal of hand-written reports, vintage prints, clippings and assorted records submitted by the explorers who first carried The Explorers Club flag on expeditions.^[19]

Today there are 202 numbered flags, each with its own history. Many of the older flags have been retired. The Explorers Club flag has been carried on such expeditions as:

• Flag #2 – Roy Chapman Andrews – the Gobi Desert expeditions
• Flag #7 – Sir George Hubert Wilkins – the first trans-Arctic flights
• Flag #32 – Capt. Robert A. "Bob" Bartlett – the Effie M. Morrissey expeditions
• Flag #50 – Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg – Solar Impulse across America^[20]
• Flag #61 – Luc Hardy – the Pax Arctica expedition (Canadian Arctic)
• Flag #71 – Raphaël Domjan – PlanetSolar the first around the world with solar energy
• Flag #80 – Tim Taylor FN’04, Citation of Merit Laureate 2008 — Discovery of three lost US WWII submarines: Expedition R-12, Expedition S-26, Expedition S-28^[21]
• Flag #81 – Victor Vescovo and Patrick Lahey – the Five Deeps expedition^[22]
• Flag #105 – L. Ron Hubbard – The Alaska Radio Experimental Expedition ^{[23] [24] [25]}
• Flag #123 – Thor Heyerdahl – the Kon-Tiki expedition
• Flag #132 – David Concannon for Jeff Bezos and Bezos Expeditions – the Saturn V F-1 engine search and recovery expedition^[26]
• Flag #134 – Gino Caspari – Discovery of Royal Scythian Tomb Tunnug 1^[27]
• Flag #150 – George Kourounis – collecting soil samples from the Darvaza gas crater^[28]
• Flag #161 – James Cameron – the Deepsea Challenger expedition^[29]
• Flag #163 – L. Ron Hubbard – The Oceanographic-Archeological Expedition (1961) and the Hubbard Geological Survey Expedition (1966) ^[30]
• Flag #193 – Naomi Uemura – first solo North Pole expedition

NASA missions Apollo 8, Apollo 11, Apollo 13 and Apollo 15 each carried miniature club flags on board.

Honors and grants

Honors

The Explorers Club Medal, the highest honor that can be bestowed by the club, is awarded for "extraordinary contributions directly in the field of exploration, scientific research, or to the welfare of humanity'. Past recipients include:^[31]

• 1914 – Robert E. Peary
• 1917 – William Curtis Farabee
• 1918 – Vilhjalmur Stefansson
• 1919 – Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon
• 1923 – Adolphus W. Greely
• 1925 – Lowell H. Smith
• 1926 – Knud Rasmussen
• 1927 – Roald Amundsen
• 1927 - Robert Bartlett
• 1927 - Fridtjof Nansen
• 1929 - David L. Brainard
• 1932 - Roy Chapman Andrews
• 1936 - Lincoln Ellsworth
• 1937 – Richard E. Byrd
• 1940 - Sir Hubert Wilkins
• 1950 - Isaiah Bowman
• 1951 - Bernt Balchen
• 1953 - James Chapin
• 1953 - Donald B. MacMillan
• 1954 - Lord John Hunt
• 1954 – Auguste Piccard
• 1957 - Laurence McKinley Gould
• 1959 - Sir Vivian Fuchs for the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
• 1961 – President Herbert Hoover
• 1962 - Alexander Wetmore
• 1963 - William H. Phelps, Jr.
• 1964 – Gilbert H. Grosvenor
• 1965 - James H. Doolittle
• 1966 - Robert Cushman Murphy
• 1967 - Charles B. Hitchcock^[32]
• 1968 - Finn Ronne
• 1968 – Lowell Thomas
• 1969 - William B.O. Field, Jr.^[33]
• 1970 - Julius M. Amberson
• 1971 - Michael J. Leahy
• 1971 – Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins for NASA
• 1972 - Walter A. Wood^[34]
• 1973 - Serge A. Korff
• 1974 - Roger Tory Peterson
• 1975 - Junius B. Bird
• 1976 - Edward M. Weyer, Jr.^[35]
• 1977 - Lewis N. Cotlow
• 1978 - Leigh Wade^[36]
• 1979 – Thor Heyerdahl
• 1980 – Willard N. Bascom
• 1981 - Carl von Hoffman
• 1982 - Virgil Kauffman^[37]
• 1983 – Sir Ranulph Fiennes for Transglobe Expedition
• 1984 - H. Bradford Washburn, Jr.
• 1985 - Sir Wally Herbert
• 1986 – Sir Edmund P. Hillary
• 1987 - Barry C. Bishop
• 1988 - Gilbert M. Grosvenor for National Geographic Society
• 1989 – Mary Leakey for the Leakey Family
• 1990 - George B. Schaller
• 1991 - William J. L. Sladen
• 1992 - Heinrich Harrer
• 1993 – Dame Jane Goodall
• 1994 - James M. Fowler
• 1995 – Robert D. Ballard
• 1996 – Sylvia A. Earle
• 1997 - Anna C. Roosevelt
• 1998 - Ardito Desio
• 1999 - Norman D. Vaughan
• 2000 - The Piccard family
• 2001 – Joseph W. Kittinger
• 2001 - Don Walsh
• 2002 - Johan Reinhard
• 2003 - Steve Fossett
• 2004 - David K. Hempleman-Adams
• 2005 – Burt Rutan, Brian Binnie and Michael Melvill for SpaceShipOne
• 2006 - J. Michael Fay
• 2007 - Kathryn D. Sullivan
• 2008 – Eugenie Clark
• 2009 – Lee M. Talbot
• 2009 – Edward O. Wilson
• 2010 - Donald C. Johanson
• 2011 – Wade Davis
• 2012 - Philip J. Currie
• 2012 - Alfred S. McLaren^[38]
• 2013 – James Cameron^[39]
• 2014 – Walter Munk^[40]
• 2015 – Neil deGrasse Tyson
• 2016 – Frederick Roots
• 2017 - André Borschberg, Bertrand Piccard and Nainoa Thompson
• 2018 - James A. Lovell
• 2019 – Kenneth Lacovara^[41]
• 2020 – Victor Vescovo^[42]
• 2021 – Derek and Beverly Joubert^[43]
• 2022 – Rick Ridgeway^[44]
• 2023 – Margaret D. Lowman^[45]
• 2024 – Rita Colwell^[46]

The Legendary Explorer Medal is given "to recognize a feat of such courage and incredible accomplishment that has transcended the ordinary bounds of history". Past recipients include:^[47]

• 2013 – Scott Carpenter
• 2013 – John Glenn
• 2020 – Dame Jane Goodall
• 2024 – Rusty Schweickart^[46]

Beyond The Explorers Club Medal and The Legendary Explorer Medal, the club also presents, among others, The Edward C. Sweeney^[48] Medal, The Citation of Merit, The Lowell Thomas Award, The Finn Ronne Memorial Award, The Buzz Aldrin Space Exploration Award, The Tenzing Norgay Award, The William Beebe Award, The President’s Award and The New Explorer Award.^[49]

Grants

The club also awards a range of grants for field science and exploration, including The Youth Activity Fund Grant, The Exploration Fund Grant^[50] and the President's Award for Exploration and Technology. One club award, the Scott Pearlman Field Award for Science and Exploration,^[51] is named for one of the youngest club members (inducted at age 22) who was a photographer and participant in three flag expeditions. Scott A. Pearlman contracted hepatitis C and died at the age of 38. Pearlman was a son of Explorers Club member and officer Robert E. Pearlman.

Presidents

Presidents of The Explorers Club are elected by a vote of the Board of Directors after the Annual Meeting. Men and women may offer their name for consideration.

	From	To	President^[52]
1	1905	1906	Adolphus Greely
2	1907	1908	Frederick Cook
3	1909	1911	Robert Peary
4	1912	1913	David Legge Brainard
5	1913	1916	Robert Peary
6	1917	1918	Carl Akeley
7	1919	1922	Vilhjalmur Stefansson
8	1922	1925	George Gustav Heye
9	1926	1927	James Ford
10	1928	1930	George Gustav Heye
11	1931	1934	Roy Chapman Andrews
12	1935	1937	Walter W. Granger
13	1937	1939	Vilhjalmur Stefansson
14	1940	1943	Herbert Spinden
15	1944	1946	Alexander Wetmore
16	1947	1948	Clyde Fisher
17	1949	1950	James Chapin
18	1951	1952	John Tee-Van
19	1953	1954	Edward Weyer Jr.
20	1955	1958	Serge A. Korff
21	1959	1961	Charles Hitchcock
22	1961	1963	John Pallister
23	1963	1965	Serge A. Korff
24	1965	1967	Edward C. Sweeney^[53]
25	1967	1971	Walter Wood
26	1971	1973	Hobart Van Dressen
27	1973	1975	Russell Gurnee
28	1975	1976	E. Lovell Becker
29	1976	1978	Virgil Kauffman
30	1978	1981	Charles Brush
31	1981	1985	George V.B. Cochran
32	1985	1987	John Levinson
33	1987	1989	John Bruno
34	1989	1991	Nicholas Sullivan
35	1991	1993	David Swanson
36	1993	1996	John Loret
37	1996	2000	Alfred S. McLaren
38	2000	2002	Faanya Rose
39	2002	2006	Richard Wiese
40	2006	2009	Daniel Bennett
41	2009	2012	Lorie Karnath^[54]
42	2012	2015	Alan Nichols
43	2015	2018	Ted Janulis^[55]
44	2018	2021	Richard Wiese^[56]
45	2021		Richard Garriott^[57]

Notes and References

1. News: PUBLIC LIVES; Explorers Club: Less 'Egad' and More 'Wow!'. New York Times. December 3, 2004. Richardson. Lynda. February 1, 2011.
2. Web site: Park. Michael. Eating Maggots: The Explorers Club Dinner. www.epicurious.com. March 17, 2008. April 1, 2010. January 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132312/http://www.epicurious.com/articlesguides/blogs/editor/2008/03/eating-maggots.html. dead.
3. Web site: The secret travel club that's been everywhere. MacEacheran. Mike. www.bbc.com. en. 2019-01-17.
4. Web site: A Gathering Place . The Explorers Club . February 2, 2011 . February 8, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110208001352/http://www.explorers.org/index.php/about/history/a_gathering_place . dead .
5. Web site: The Explorers Club Honorary Members . The Explorers Club . September 26, 2013 . June 27, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140627091513/http://www.explorers.org/index.php/about/history/honorary_members . dead .
6. Web site: The Explorers Club Chapters . The Explorers Club . August 16, 2023.
7. Web site: The Explorers Club About Membership . The Explorers Club . August 16, 2023.
8. Web site: Lembo. Karen. Mendell. Sarah. Finding aid to the Arctic Club of America. The Explorers Club. July 17, 2015. August 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170829004041/https://explorers.org/pdf/arctic_club_finding_aid.pdf. dead.
9. Web site: The Explorers Club: About Membership . The Explorers Club . August 27, 2023.
10. Web site: » A Brief History of The Explorer's Club . 2023-08-10 . exhibitions.fitnyc.edu.
11. Web site: Clara Moskowitz. Clara Moskowitz . 2013-08-20 . Photos: Inside the Explorers Club . 2023-08-10 . livescience.com . en.
12. News: DOUBTS CAST ON PEARY'S CLAIM TO POLE . 2024-08-15 . The New York Times . en . 0362-4331.
13. Web site: Tierney . John . 2009-09-08 . Who Was First at the North Pole? . 2024-08-15 . TierneyLab . en.
14. Web site: US Census Bureau . Census History Staff . April 2019 - History - U.S. Census Bureau . 2024-08-15 . www.census.gov . EN-US.
15. News: Weber . Bruce . 2008-09-13 . Ralph Plaisted, 80, Adventurer and Polar Pioneer, Dies . 2024-08-15 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
16. Web site: Explorers Club Events Page . The Explorers Club.
17. Web site: The Explorers Journal: The Official Quarterly of The Explorers Club since 1921 . Zinio.com . March 28, 2014 .
18. Web site: Nordyke . Kimberly . 2022-04-21 . Discovery Greenlights 'Tales From the Explorers Club,' Unveils Expedition Grants and Diversity Initiatives (Exclusive) . 2023-03-18 . The Hollywood Reporter . en-US.
19. Web site: The Explorers Club: Flags and Honors . The Explorers Club.
20. Web site: Solar Impulse Visits The Explorers Club . The Explorers Club . January 25, 2014.
21. Web site: Lost 52 Project.
22. Web site: Updates of the Five Deeps Exepedition . www.explorers.org . May 13, 2019.
23. Web site: Malko. George. Scientology, The Now Religion. Delacorte Press. October 21, 2019. It is a fact that in 1940... he [Hubbard] was duly elected a member of the august Explorer's Club in New York... In explaining the circumstances of Hubbard's election to the club, Mr. Randol [Ward Randol, the club's executive director] told me in no uncertain terms that he personally knew the members who had sponsored Hubbard and certainly does not hesitate to vouch for their integrity and judgment... In 1940 Hubbard made his first expedition as a member of the Explorer's Club, and was granted the club flag to carry on his voyage, a distinct honor given only when a member's application and description of an intended expedition has been given the severest scrutiny... Hubbard's expedition that year was to Alaska, under the title of the Alaskan-Radio Expedition. In the years since, Hubbard has made two more voyages flying the Explorer's Club flag, one in 1961, an Oceanographic-Archeological Expedition, and one in 1966, the Hubbard Geological Survey Expedition..
24. Web site: Chronicle. Media Resources. October 21, 2019. On 19 February 1940 L. Ron Hubbard is elected a member of the prestigious Explorers Club. Concurrently he plans an Alaskan expedition, and on 27 July 1940 his Alaskan Radio Experimental Expedition embarks from Seattle. His vessel is the 32-foot ketch Magician, and she sails under Explorers Club flag number 105.. August 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804000647/http://mediaresources.lronhubbard.org/chronicle/page02.htm. dead.
25. Web site: Dokoupil. Tony. Exclusive New Texts from Scientology's L Ron Hubbard. January 29, 2013 . Newsweek. October 21, 2019. In 1940 Hubbard carried the club flag on his first official expedition, sailing a vest-pocket yacht from Washington to Alaska..
26. Web site: Bezos. Jeff. F1 Engine Recovery Updates: Congratulations Team! . Bezosexpeditions.com . March 16, 2014.
27. Web site: The undisturbed tomb of a Scythian prince was found frozen in time in Siberia. EST. Kastalia Medrano On 1/12/18 at 10:02 AM. 2018-01-12. Newsweek. en. 2020-01-01.
28. Web site: Darvaza "Doorway To Hell" Expedition - Turkmenistan . George . Kourounis . George Kourounis . stormchaser.ca . 28 December 2016 . 2017-04-02.
29. Web site: James Cameron Reflects on Exploration . DeepseaChallenge.com . March 20, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130326075247/http://deepseachallenge.com/latest-news/james-cameron-reflects-on-exploration/ . March 26, 2013 .
30. Web site: Dokoupil. Tony. Exclusive New Texts from Scientology's L Ron Hubbard. January 29, 2013 . Newsweek. October 21, 2019. Explorers Club flags are iconic, coveted awards for serious expeditions...One went to sea with Hubbard for most of the 1960s...the same flag as the astronauts aboard Apollo 8, which in 1968 became the first manned mission to orbit the moon.”.
31. Web site: The Explorers Club Medal . The Explorers Club.
32. News: Dr. Charles B. Hitchcock Dies . New York Times . March 28, 1969 . August 17, 2023.
33. Web site: Review: With a Camera in My Hands . JSTOR . 30033975 . August 17, 2023.
34. Web site: The Wood Yukon Expedition of 1935 . JSTOR . 209339 . August 17, 2023.
35. Web site: Weyer, Edward Moffat, 1904-1998 . American Museum of Natural History . August 17, 2023.
36. Web site: Major General Leigh Wade . U.S. Air Force . August 17, 2023.
37. Web site: Virgil Kauffman . October 11, 2013 . Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) . August 17, 2023.
38. Web site: Alfred McLaren . U.S. Naval Institute . August 17, 2023.
39. Web site: Moskowitz. Clara. March 20, 2013. Astronauts Celebrate Adventure at Explorers Club Dinner . Space.com . March 20, 2013.
40. Web site: Aguilera. Mario. March 4, 2014. Medal Honors Scripps Icon Walter Munk's Lifetime of Science and Exploration . UC San Diego.
41. Web site: The Explorers Club Honors . The Explorers Club . June 16, 2020 . June 16, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200616041945/https://www.explorers.org/about/history/the_explorers_club_medal . dead .
42. Web site: January 14, 2020. Victor Vescovo - The 2020 Explorers Club Medal. The Explorers Club.
43. Web site: The Explorers Club's Highest Honor Recognizes Extraordinary Contributions in the Field of Exploration . April 20, 2022 . Great Plains Foundation.
44. Web site: Rick Ridgeway . World Wide Fund for Nature.
45. Web site: Meg Lowman Awarded The Explorers Medal . March 8, 2023 . TREE Foundation.
46. Web site: The 2024 Explorers Club Annual Awardees . The Explorers Club . February 15, 2024 . April 16, 2024.
47. Web site: The Legendary Explorer Medal . The Explorers Club.
48. Web site: ECWG History . Explorers Club Washington Group . August 27, 2023.
49. Web site: The Explorers Club Honors . https://web.archive.org/web/20150121095235/https://explorers.org/about/history/honors . 2015-01-21 . The Explorers Club.
50. Web site: The Explorers Club Grants . 31 March 2022 . The Explorers Club.
51. Web site: The Scott Pearlman Field Awards . The Explorers Club St. Louis, Missouri.
52. Web site: About the Club – History – Club presidents, 1905 to present. The Explorers Club. https://web.archive.org/web/20060928065244/http://www.explorers.org/about/history/presidents/presidents.php. September 28, 2006. dead.
53. News: Edward C. Sweeney Dies at 61; Lawyer Led the Explorers Club . New York Times . August 15, 1967 . subscription . August 27, 2023.
54. Book: Ross, Michael Elsohn . A World of Her Own: 24 Amazing Women Explorers and Adventurers. February 13, 2015. 2014. Chicago Review Press. 978-1-61374-441-3. 10.
55. Web site: "The Explorers Club Elects Ted Janulis as 43rd Club President" . April 14, 2015 . May 30, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150530120444/https://explorers.org/news/news_detail/the_explorers_club_elects_ted_janulis_as_43rd_club_president . dead .
56. Web site: Wiese Elected 44th President of The Explorers Club" . March 21, 2018 . April 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190403002351/https://explorers.org/news/news_detail/richard_wiese_elected_44th_president_of_the_explorers_club . dead .
57. https://www.explorers.org//news/news_detail/richard-garriott-elected-45th-president-of-the-explorers-club"Richard Garriott Elected 45th President of The Explorers Club"