Exosome component 2 explained

Exosome component 2, also known as EXOSC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the EXOSC2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Mammalian mRNAs contain AU-rich elements (AREs) within their three prime untranslated regions. In yeast, 3-prime-to-5-prime mRNA degradation is mediated by the exosome, a multisubunit particle. EXOSC2 (which is homologous to the yeast Rrp4 protein) is a component of the human exosome.^[3]

Interactions

Exosome component 2 has been shown to interact with:

• Exosome component 4, and
• Exosome component 7.^[4]

Further reading

• Adams MD, Dubnick M, Kerlavage AR . Sequence identification of 2,375 human brain genes. . Nature . 355 . 6361 . 632–4 . 1992 . 1538749 . 10.1038/355632a0 . 1992Natur.355..632A . 4234345 . etal.
• Morris CM, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Fitzgerald PH . Entire ABL gene is joined with 5'-BCR in some patients with Philadelphia-positive leukemia. . Blood . 78 . 4 . 1078–84 . 1991 . 1868241 . 10.1182/blood.V78.4.1078.1078. free .
• Zhu QS, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J . Characterization of the human ABL promoter regions. . Oncogene . 5 . 6 . 885–91 . 1990 . 2163052 .
• Soekarman D, van Denderen J, Hoefsloot L . A novel variant of the bcr-abl fusion product in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. . Leukemia . 4 . 6 . 397–403 . 1990 . 2193202 . etal.
• Chen SJ, Chen Z, Font MP . Structural alterations of the BCR and ABL genes in Ph1 positive acute leukemias with rearrangements in the BCR gene first intron: further evidence implicating Alu sequences in the chromosome translocation. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 17 . 19 . 7631–42 . 1989 . 2678002 . 10.1093/nar/17.19.7631 . 334872 . etal.
• Heisterkamp N, Stam K, Groffen J . Structural organization of the bcr gene and its role in the Ph' translocation. . Nature . 315 . 6022 . 758–61 . 1985 . 2989703 . 10.1038/315758a0 . 1985Natur.315..758H . 4343076 . etal.
• Shtivelman E, Lifshitz B, Gale RP . Alternative splicing of RNAs transcribed from the human abl gene and from the bcr-abl fused gene. . Cell . 47 . 2 . 277–84 . 1986 . 3021337 . 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90450-2 . 36324337 . etal.
• Grosveld G, Verwoerd T, van Agthoven T . The chronic myelocytic cell line K562 contains a breakpoint in bcr and produces a chimeric bcr/c-abl transcript. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 6 . 2 . 607–16 . 1987 . 3023859 . 10.1128/mcb.6.2.607. 367552 . etal.
• Bernards A, Rubin CM, Westbrook CA . The first intron in the human c-abl gene is at least 200 kilobases long and is a target for translocations in chronic myelogenous leukemia. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 7 . 9 . 3231–6 . 1987 . 3313010 . 10.1128/mcb.7.9.3231. 367959 . etal.
• Groffen J, Heisterkamp N, Grosveld F . Isolation of human oncogene sequences (v-fes homolog) from a cosmid library. . Science . 216 . 4550 . 1136–8 . 1982 . 6281890 . 10.1126/science.6281890 . 1982Sci...216.1136G . etal.
• Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Stephenson JR . The human v-abl cellular homologue. . J. Mol. Appl. Genet. . 2 . 1 . 57–68 . 1983 . 6302194 .
• Heisterkamp N, Stephenson JR, Groffen J . Localization of the c-ab1 oncogene adjacent to a translocation break point in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. . Nature . 306 . 5940 . 239–42 . 1984 . 6316147 . 10.1038/306239a0 . 4258884 . etal.
• Groffen J, Stephenson JR, Heisterkamp N . Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. . Cell . 36 . 1 . 93–9 . 1984 . 6319012 . 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90077-1 . 9876892 . etal.
• Chissoe SL, Bodenteich A, Wang YF . Sequence and analysis of the human ABL gene, the BCR gene, and regions involved in the Philadelphia chromosomal translocation. . Genomics . 27 . 1 . 67–82 . 1995 . 7665185 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1008 . etal.
• Litz CE, McClure JS, Copenhaver CM, Brunning RD . Duplication of small segments within the major breakpoint cluster region in chronic myelogenous leukemia. . Blood . 81 . 6 . 1567–72 . 1993 . 8453102 . 10.1182/blood.V81.6.1567.1567. free .
• Mitchell P, Petfalski E, Tollervey D . The 3' end of yeast 5.8S rRNA is generated by an exonuclease processing mechanism. . Genes Dev. . 10 . 4 . 502–13 . 1996 . 8600032 . 10.1101/gad.10.4.502 . free .
• Mitchell P, Petfalski E, Shevchenko A . The exosome: a conserved eukaryotic RNA processing complex containing multiple 3'-->5' exoribonucleases. . Cell . 91 . 4 . 457–66 . 1997 . 9390555 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80432-8 . 16035676 . etal. free .
• Allmang C, Petfalski E, Podtelejnikov A . The yeast exosome and human PM-Scl are related complexes of 3' --> 5' exonucleases. . Genes Dev. . 13 . 16 . 2148–58 . 1999 . 10465791 . 10.1101/gad.13.16.2148 . 316947 . etal.
• Brouwer R, Allmang C, Raijmakers R . Three novel components of the human exosome. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 9 . 6177–84 . 2001 . 11110791 . 10.1074/jbc.M007603200 . etal. free . 2066/186951 . free .
• Chen CY, Gherzi R, Ong SE . AU binding proteins recruit the exosome to degrade ARE-containing mRNAs. . Cell . 107 . 4 . 451–64 . 2002 . 11719186 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00578-5 . 14817671 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: EXOSC2 exosome component 2.
2. Mitchell P, Petfalski E, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Tollervey D . The exosome: a conserved eukaryotic RNA processing complex containing multiple 3'-->5' exoribonucleases . Cell . 91 . 4 . 457–66 . November 1997 . 9390555 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80432-8 . 16035676 . free .
3. Chen CY, Gherzi R, Ong SE, Chan EL, Raijmakers R, Pruijn GJ, Stoecklin G, Moroni C, Mann M, Karin M . AU binding proteins recruit the exosome to degrade ARE-containing mRNAs . Cell . 107 . 4 . 451–64 . November 2001 . 11719186 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00578-5 . 14817671 . free .
4. Nov 2002 . Raijmakers R, Egberts WV, van Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ . Protein-protein interactions between human exosome components support the assembly of RNase PH-type subunits into a six-membered PNPase-like ring . J. Mol. Biol. . 323 . 4 . 653–63 . 12419256 . 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00947-6. 2066/186665 . free .