| Litigants: | Ex parte Bollman |
| Decidedate: | February 20 |
| Decideyear: | 1807 |
| Fullname: | Ex parte Erick Bollman and Ex parte Samuel Swartwout |
| Usvol: | 8 |
| Uspage: | 75 |
| Parallelcitations: | 4 Cranch 75; 2 L. Ed. 554; 1807 U.S. LEXIS 369 |
| Prior: | United States v. Bollman, 24 F. Cas. 1189 (C.C.D.C. 1807) (No. 14,622) |
| Subsequent: | None |
| Holding: | The petitioners' alleged conspiracy did not rise to the level of treason as defined by the Constitution. |
| Majority: | Marshall |
| Joinmajority: | Cushing, Chase, Washington, Livingston |
| Dissent: | Johnson |
| Lawsapplied: | U.S. Const. art. I, III, amends. IV, VI; Judiciary Act of 1789 |
Ex parte Bollman, 8 U.S. (4 Cranch) 75 (1807), was a case brought before the United States Supreme Court. Bollman held that the constitutional definition of treason excluded mere conspiracy to levy war against the United States.[1]
Erick Bollman and Samuel Swartwout were civilians who became implicated in the Burr-Wilkinson Plot. This plot supposedly consisted of Aaron Burr and James Wilkinson attempting to create an empire in the United States, ruled by Burr. In 1806, Wilkinson informed President Thomas Jefferson of the plot, ending whatever may have actually been planned. Bollman and Swartwout attempted to recruit others into the plot, but these individuals informed the military, which promptly arrested them.
The Supreme Court decided that "To constitute a levying of war, there must be an assemblage of persons for the purpose of effecting by force a treasonable purpose. Enlistments of men to serve against government is not sufficient."