| Ewen Montagu | |
| Birth Name: | Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu |
| Birth Date: | 1901 3, df=yes |
| Nationality: | British |
| Occupation: | Naval intelligence officer |
Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu (29 March 1901 – 19 July 1985) was a British judge, Naval intelligence officer, and author.
He is best known for his leading role in Operation Mincemeat, a critical military deception operation that misdirected German forces' attention away from the Allied invasion of Sicily ("Operation Husky").
Montagu was president of the United Synagogue from 1954 to 1962, and President of the Anglo-Jewish Association from December 1949.[1]
Montagu was born in 1901, the second son of Gladys, Baroness Swaythling (née Goldsmid) and Louis Montagu, 2nd Baron Swaythling. His family was Jewish.[2] He was educated at Westminster School before becoming a machine gun instructor during the First World War at a United States Naval Air Station. After the war he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge and at Harvard University.[3] He was admitted to the Middle Temple on 22 November 1920 and was called to the Bar on 14 May 1924.[4] One of his more celebrated cases as a junior barrister was the defence of Alma Rattenbury in 1935 against a charge of murdering her 30-years-older husband, the architect Francis Rattenbury, who was savagely beaten with a mallet at the Villa Madeira in Bournemouth. He took silk in 1939.[3]
Montagu was a keen yachtsman, and enlisted in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in 1938.[5] Because of his legal background he was reassigned to specialized study. From there he was assigned to the Royal Navy's East Yorkshire headquarters at Hull as an assistant staff officer in intelligence.[6] Montagu served in the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Commander RNVR. He was the Naval Representative on the XX Committee, which oversaw the running of double agents.
While Commanding Officer of NID 17M, Montagu and Squadron Leader Charles Cholmondeley RAFVR conceived Operation Mincemeat, a major deception operation.[7] Montagu had the idea of having a corpse dressed as a British officer wash ashore in Spain, carrying faked papers revealing plans for invasion of Greece (the real target was Sicily). The location chosen was where pro-German Spanish officials would show the papers to German agents. Montagu manufactured a false identity, "William Martin", for the body of Glyndwr Michael to have in his pockets: military ID, theatre ticket stubs, love letters and a photo of his fiancée, bills from a tailor and jeweller. To follow the normal wartime procedure that dead or missing officers were required to be listed in the obituary column of The Times, Acting Major William Martin was so listed in the edition of 4 June 1943.
The Germans were fooled completely. German documents found after the war showed that the false information went all the way to Hitler's headquarters, and led to German forces being diverted to Greece. The invasion of Sicily was a success. Historian Hugh Trevor-Roper called it the best deception in the history of military deception. For his role in Operation Mincemeat, Montagu was appointed to the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire. In November 2021 the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, working with the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women and the London Borough of Hackney placed a memorial at the Hackney Mortuary, where the corpse had been prepared.[8] [9]
From 1945 to 1973 Montagu held the position of Judge Advocate of the Fleet. He wrote The Man Who Never Was (1953), an account of Operation Mincemeat that was adapted as a theatrical film three years later. Montagu also wrote Beyond Top Secret Ultra, which focused more on the information technology and espionage tactics used in World War II. He was a governor of a public health project, the Peckham Experiment, in 1949.[10]
Before the Courts Act 1971 Montagu was Chairman of the Quarter Sessions for the Middlesex area of Greater London[11] and recorder in the County of Hampshire. He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Southampton.
Montagu was president of the United Synagogue from 1954 to 1962, and President of the Anglo-Jewish Association from December 1949.[1]
Montagu's youngest brother, Ivor Montagu, was a film maker and Communist. Ewen Montagu married Iris, the daughter of the painter Solomon J. Solomon, in 1923. They had a son, Jeremy, who became an authority on musical instruments,[12] and a daughter, Jennifer, who became an art historian.
Montagu was a first cousin once removed of comedian Christopher Guest, through Montagu's maternal grandparents.
Montagu has been portrayed on screen twice. In the 1956 film The Man Who Never Was, he was portrayed by Clifton Webb. In the 2021 film Operation Mincemeat, he was played by Colin Firth. Montagu himself appeared in The Man Who Never Was, playing an Air-Vice Marshal questioning the Ewen Montagu character in a briefing.
He has also been portrayed by Natasha Hodgson, Holly Sumpton,[13] Geri Allen,[14] and Emily Barber[15] in Operation Mincemeat, a musical first written and performed in 2019 and premiered in the West End in 2023.[16]
Montagu also appears as a character in the Terence Rattigan play Cause Célèbre.