| Yevgeniya Maksimovna Rudneva | |
| Native Name: | Евгения Максимовна Руднева |
| Nickname: | Zhenya (Женя) |
| Birth Date: | 24 May 1921 |
| Birth Place: | Berdiansk, Ukraine SSR |
| Death Place: | near Kerch, Crimea, Soviet Union |
| Branch: | Soviet Air Force |
| Serviceyears: | 1941–1944 |
| Rank: | Senior Lieutenant |
| Unit: | 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment |
| Battles: | Eastern Front of World War II |
| Awards: | Hero of the Soviet Union |
Yevgeniya Maksimovna Rudneva (Russian: Евгения Максимовна Руднева; 24 May 1921 – 9 April 1944) was the head navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment posthumously awarded Hero of the Soviet Union. Prior to World War II she was an astronomer, the head of the Solar Department of the Moscow branch of the .[1]
Rudneva was born in Berdiansk to the family of a Ukrainian telegrapher; she was an only child. After finishing her seventh year of secondary school in Moscow, where she spent most of her childhood, she went on to study three years as a student in the faculty of mechanics and mathematics of Moscow State University prior to October 1941, when she volunteered for military service. She became a member of the Communist Party in 1943.
After joining the Red Army in 1941 Rudneva graduated from navigators courses at the Engels Military Aviation School, where she made her first flight on 5 January 1942. In May that year she and all of the other members of what was then the 588th Night Bomber Regiment were deployed to the Southern Front in May 1942. During her career she flew with many pilots, including future Heroes of the Soviet Union Yevdokiya Nikulina and Irina Sebrova.
She flew 645 night combat missions on the old and slow Polikarpov Po-2 biplane, destroying river crossings, troop trains, troops and military equipment of the enemy. During the war she flew on bombing missions on the Transcaucasian, North Caucasian, and 4th Ukrainian fronts as well as in battles for the Taman and Kerch peninsulas.
On the night of 9 April 1944 she was shot down while navigating for Praskovya "Panna" Prokofyeva, one of the new pilots in the regiment.
In her letter to professor Sergey Blazhko, head of the Astrometry Department of Moscow State University, dated 19 October 1942, she wrote that the first bomb she had promised the Nazis would be in retaliation for the bombing of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics that winter. She wrote that she was defending the honor of the university.[2]
Monuments to her were built in Moscow, Kerch and the Saltykovka settlement (in Moscow Oblast). The Asteroid 1907 Rudneva, a school in Kerch, streets in Berdiansk, Kerch, Moscow and Saltykovka were named after her.