Evansella Explained

Evansella is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales.[1] [2] The type species for this genus is Evansella cellulosilytica.[3]

Members of Evansella was transferred from the genus Bacillus, a genus that has long been under close scrutiny by the scientific community due to its inclusion of many phylogenetically unrelated species.[4] [5] The original criteria used to assign species into Bacillus were vague and applied to many different species of bacteria, resulting in a large genus full of unrelated organisms with a diverse range of biochemical characteristics.[6] To clarify the taxonomic relationships within the genus, multiple phylogenetic studies have been conducted, resulting in the transfer of many species into novel genera such as Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus and Ectobacillus.[7] [8] [9] Additionally, Bacillus has been restricted only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.[10]

The name Evansella is chosen to celebrate the American microbiologist Dr. Alice Catherine Evans (1885-1975, US Department of Agriculture) in recognition of her contributions to the field of bacteriology.

Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures

Members of the genus Evansella can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Cells are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. They all are endospore-forming and catalase-positive. Species can be found in industrial areas and soda lakes. Evansella can survive in temperatures ranging from 15°C to 60°C, but optimal growth occurs in the range of 35-40°C.

Three conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been identified through genomic analyses as exclusive for this genus in the proteins GTP pyrophosphokinase family protein, lipoprotein signal peptidase II and Clp protease ClpP. These CSIs provide a novel means to distinguish Evansella from other Bacillaceae genera in molecular terms.

Taxonomy

As of May 2021, there are a total of 5 species with validly published names in the genus Evansella. Various phylogenetic trees created based on concatenated sequences from various datasets of conserved proteins and 16S rRNA genome sequences revealed that members of Evansella form a monophyletic branch. This clade is also reflected in the branching pattern in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB).[11]

Notes and References

  1. Gupta. Radhey S.. Patel. Sudip. Saini. Navneet. Chen. Shu. 2020-11-01. Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 70. 11. 5753–5798. 10.1099/ijsem.0.004475. 1466-5026. 33112222. free.
  2. Book: 2005. Brenner. Don J.. Krieg. Noel R.. Staley. James T.. Garrity. George M.. Boone. David R.. De Vos. Paul. Goodfellow. Michael. Rainey. Fred A.. Schleifer. Karl-Heinz. Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology. 10.1007/0-387-28022-7. 978-0-387-24144-9 .
  3. Web site: Genus: Evansella. 2021-05-25. lpsn.dsmz.de. en.
  4. Logan. N.A.. 2011-12-20. Bacillus and relatives in foodborne illness. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 112. 3. 417–429. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05204.x. 1364-5072. 22121830. free.
  5. La Duc. Myron T. Satomi. Masataka. Agata. Norio. Venkateswaran. Kasthuri. March 2004. gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 56. 3. 383–394. 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.004. 0167-7012. 14967230.
  6. Ash. Carol. Farrow. J.A.E.. Wallbanks. Sally. Collins. M.D.. 2008-06-28. Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequences. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 13. 4. 202–206. 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00608.x. 82988953 . 0266-8254.
  7. Heyndrickx. M.. Lebbe. L.. Kersters. K.. Hoste. B.. De Wachter. R.. De Vos. P.. Forsyth. G.. Logan. N. A.. 1999-07-01. Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 49. 3. 1083–1090. 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083. 1466-5026. 10425765. free.
  8. Shida. O.. Takagi. H.. Kadowaki. K.. Komagata. K.. 1996-10-01. Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. en. 46. 4. 939–946. 10.1099/00207713-46-4-939. 0020-7713. 8863420. free.
  9. Mual. Poonam. Singh. Nitin Kumar. Verma. Ashish. Schumann. Peter. Krishnamurthi. Srinivasan. Dastager. Syed. Mayilraj. Shanmugam. 2016-05-01. Reclassification of Bacillus isronensis Shivaji et al. 2009 as Solibacillus isronensis comb. nov. and emended description of genus Solibacillus Krishnamurthi et al. 2009. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 66. 5. 2113–2120. 10.1099/ijsem.0.000982. 1466-5026. 26907585. free.
  10. Patel. Sudip. Gupta. Radhey S.. 2020-01-01. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 70. 1. 406–438. 10.1099/ijsem.0.003775. 1466-5026. 31617837. free.
  11. Web site: GTDB - Tree. 2021-05-25. gtdb.ecogenomic.org.

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