Evangelical Parliamentary Front Explained

The Evangelical Parliamentary Front or the Evangelical Caucus (known in Portuguese as Frente Parlamentar Evangélica and Bancada Evangélica respectively) is a loosely organized group of Evangelical lawmakers in the Brazilian government and legislature.

If considered a political party, the Evangelical Caucus would be the third largest in the Brazilian government, surpassed only by the Brazilian Democratic Movement and the Workers' Party.[1] It is a proeminent feature of Conservatism in Brazil.

History

The Evangelical Parliamentary Front was founded in 2003 to bring together Evangelical parliamentarians, from all political parties, at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia, Brazil.[2]

The regularization of the FPE on the board of directors of the Chamber of Deputies only occurred on November 9, 2015, motivated by the exponential growth of the bench, a process that began with the significant election of 60 federal deputies who declared themselves evangelicals in the 2002 election.

Leadership

The evangelical caucus has no formalized leadership; however João Campos de Araújo, Anthony Garotinho, Eduardo Cunha, Lincoln Portela, and Magno Malta were considered the unofficial leaders of the caucus in 2013.[3]

Membership

The Evangelical Caucus of Brazil has no defined standard of membership but is generally open to all Protestant lawmakers in the Brazilian legislature, including mainline denominations as well as members of evangelical and Pentecostal movements.

The caucus was formed especially because Brazil's fast growing Protestant population was underrepresented in government, and as is the norm Catholic and non-religious politicians are not allowed to be members.[4] Converative Catholic politicians are usually not considered to be part of the evangelical caucus, certain politicians such as Hugo Leal[5] and Jair Bolsonaro[6] often collaborate with the caucus.

Although the Evangelical Caucus is often perceived by the media, its members, and supporters to be conservative/right wing, it is worth noting that a few members are affiliated with left-wing politics in Brazil, such as Benedita da Silva,[7] Marina Silva,[8] and Walter Pinheiro.[9]

Influence on politics

The evangelical front is often seen as part of the rising Evangelical influence in politics in Latin America. The evangelical vote was seen as key in the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 election.[6]

Prominent members

Senate of Brazil

The following past and present members of the Brazilian Senate that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus

image Name term state party denomination reference
1995–2003
2008–2011
1995–1998
2003–2019 non-denominational Evangelical
2003–2018 [10]
2011–2016 [11]
2012–2014
2016–2019 		[12]
2018–2019 [13]
2019– [14]
2019–
2019–
2019–2020
2019–
2019– Nova Vida Baptist church[15]
2019– [16]

Chamber of Deputies

The following past and present members of the Chamber of Deputies that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus

image Name term state party denomination reference
1984–2019
1984–1995 Comunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra[17]
1987–1995
2011–
1991–1995
1991–1995
2015–2019
1995–2001
2011–2017		São PauloPDMBPresbyterian Church of Brazil
1997–2011
1999–2003 non-denominational Evangelical
1999–2018
1999– various [18]
1999– Solidarity Baptist Church [19]
1999–2007 International Church of the Foursquare Gospel[20]
2001–2019 Igreja Cristã Maranata [21]
2002–2006
2008– 		International Church of the Foursquare Gospel[22]
2003–2015
2003–2019 [23]
Jorge Tadeu Mudalen2003–2019 [24]
Eduardo Cunha2003–2019 PMDBComunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra[25]
Gilberto Nascimento2003–2007
2015– 		PSCAssembleias de Deus[26]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bancada evangélica seria 3.º partido da Câmara. Portuguese. 21 April 2013. 18 September 2019. Gazeta do Povo. Chico Marés.
  2. Book: A Frente Parlamentar Evangélica no Congresso Nacional: Representatividade Política dos Evangélicos. 2021-12-03 . Revista Inter-Legere . Machado e Rocha . Antonia Rozimar . de Sousa e Silva . Francisco Samuel. Alves Barreto . Amanda. 4 .
  3. Web site: Principais líderes da bancada evangélica. 14 April 2013. 18 September 2019. Portuguese. iG Brasil. Último Segundo.
  4. Web site: Vinde a mim os eleitores: a força da bancada evangélica no Congresso. Portuguese. Veja. 23 March 2013. 18 September 2019. Gabriel Castro and Marcela Mattos.
  5. Web site: Bancada evangélica tenta garantir controle da reforma do Código Penal na Câmara. Último Segundo. Luciana. Lima. iG Brasília. 5 September 2013. 19 March 2019. Portuguese.
  6. News: Bolsonaro, a Catholic, Expanded His Base Among Evangelicals. 2018-10-30. Folha de S.Paulo. 2018-11-01. pt-BR.
  7. Book: Silva, Benedita da. Benedita Da Silva: An Afro-Brazilian Woman's Story of Politics and Love. Food First Books. 1 January 1997. 9780935028706. en. Medea. Benjamin.
  8. Web site: Blair . Leonardo . Devout Evangelical Christian Marina Silva Started Life Illiterate in the Amazon; Now She's Primed to Become Brazil's First Black President . The Christian Post . The Christian Post, INC . 6 September 2018 . en-US . August 28, 2014.
  9. Web site: Evangélicos têm atuação heterogênea no Congresso. Último Segundo. 23 April 2013. 5 May 2019. Luciana. Lima. Portuguese.
  10. Web site: Rio de Janeiro Elects Conservative, Sometimes Homophobic, Bishop To Mayor As Brazil Swings Right. Sims. Shannon. October 30, 2016. Forbes. March 15, 2018.
  11. Web site: Evangélicos têm atuação heterogênea no Congresso. Último Segundo. 23 April 2013. 5 May 2019. Luciana. Lima.
  12. Web site: Suplente de Crivella é como ele: bispo da Universal e ex-ministro de Dilma. Alexandre Aragão. pt. 3 November 2016. 26 March 2017.
  13. Web site: Bispo Guaracy Silveira é empossado como senador pelo Tocantins. JM Notícia. Portuguese. 1 November 2018. 1 February 2020. 2 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200202044824/https://www.jmnoticia.com.br//2018/11/01/bispo-guaracy-silveira-e-empossado-como-senador-pelo-tocantins/. dead.
  14. Web site: De Araguacema -TO, Pastor Zequinha Marinho é eleito Senador no Pará. From Araguacema -TO, Pastor Zequinha Marinho is elected Senator in Pará. JM Notícia. Portuguese. 8 October 2018. 1 March 2019. 2 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090625/https://www.jmnoticia.com.br/2018/10/08/de-araguacema-to-pastor-zequinha-marinho-e-eleito-senador-no-para/. dead.
  15. Web site: Voz da Universal no Congresso, PRB quer dobrar número de prefeitos e mira 2014. Último Segundo. Portuguese. Fábio. Matos. IG São Paulo. 15 July 2012. 9 May 2019. 10 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190510023031/https://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2012-07-15/voz-da-universal-no-congresso-prb-quer-dobrar-numero-de-prefeitos-e-mira-2014.html. dead.
  16. Web site: Luis Carlos Heinze é o Racista do Ano, segundo ONG. Exame. 20 March 2014. 8 July 2019. Portuguese.
  17. Web site: "Seguimos os princípios da família e da Bíblia", diz mulher de Flávio Rocha, dono da Riachuelo. Ludmila. Rodrigues. "We follow the principles of the family and the Bible," says wife of Flávio Rocha, owner of Riachuelo. pt. 26 April 2018. 26 April 2019.
  18. Web site: Da Assembleia de Deus, Silas Câmara confirma apoio a Omar Aziz. Amazonas 1. Portuguese. 14 July 2018. 20 February 2019.
  19. Web site: LINCOLN PORTELA – Biografia. Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Portuguese. 26 February 2019.
  20. Web site: JOSUÉ BENGTSON – Biografia. Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Portuguese. 24 February 2019.
  21. Web site: Oportunismo político nos 50 anos da Maranata no Senado. Marcos. Agência Congresso. 25 May 2018. 30 June 2019. Portuguese.
  22. Web site: Até algumas lideranças evangélicas se corromperam, diz pastor Eurico sobre votos a favor de Temer. guiame.com.br. 30 October 2017. 5 March 2019. Portuguese. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044459/https://www.gospelprime.com.br/liderancas-se-corromperam-pastor-eurico-votos-temer/. dead.
  23. Web site: Evangélicos são protagonistas na luta contra corrupção em Brasília. Gospel Prime. 9 August 2016. 27 February 2019. pt. 28 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004332/https://www.gospelprime.com.br/evangelicos-sao-protagonistas-na-luta-contra-corrupcao-em-brasilia/. dead.
  24. Web site: Opinião: Templo é dinheiro! Pequenas igrejas, grandes negócios. Reinaldo. Marchesi. olhardireto. Portuguese. 27 June 2019.
  25. News: Salvador. Susana. The Defender of Heterosexuals. DN Gente. 9 April 2010.
  26. Web site: NASCIMENTO, Gilberto. FGV-C.

    See also

    References

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