Southeastern dwarf salamander explained

The southeastern dwarf salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata), formerly known as the dwarf salamander, is a species of salamander native to the southern United States, ranging primarily from southern North Carolina south to northern Florida, with some populations from southwestern Alabama to eastern Louisiana. Some sources refer to it as the four-fingered manculus, dwarf four-toed salamander, or the Florida dwarf salamander.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Taxonomy

A review of E. quadridigitata published in 2017 identified five cryptic species within E. quadridigitata based on molecular evidence.^[5]

• Eurycea chamberlaini Harrison and Guttman, 2003: North Carolina and interior areas of South Carolina
• Eurycea sphagnicola Wray, Means, and Steppan, 2017: Southern Mississippi, Alabama, and far western Florida panhandle
• Eurycea hillisi Wray, Means, and Steppan, 2017: interior regions of Alabama and Georgia
• Eurycea paludicola (Mittleman, 1947): Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas
• Eurycea quadridigitata sensu stricto (Holbrook, 1842): North Carolina south to Florida, west to Louisiana

Description

The southeastern dwarf salamander grows from 2.0 to 3.5 inches in length. It has a slender body and a long tail. It is typically yellow-brown in color with darker brown blotching and dark stripes down each side, but the pattern and coloration can vary widely. The epithet quadridigitata is to denote that each of its feet has four toes.

Behavior

The southeastern dwarf salamander prefers habitats of swampy pine woods. It is nocturnal and spends most of its time under leaf litter or forest floor debris. Breeding occurs in the fall, with 12 to 48 eggs being laid singly or in small clutches attached to submerged debris in shallow, slow moving or still water.

Notes and References

1. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=22354 Amphibian Species of the World: Eurycea quadridigitata
2. http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/salamanders/eurycea.quadridigitata.html Herps of Texas: Eurycea quadridigitata
3. http://pick5.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Eurycea+quadridigitata Discover Life: Eurycea quadridigitata
4. http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/59274/summ IUCN Red List: Eurycea quadridigitata
5. Wray, K. P., D. B. Means, and S. J. Steppan. 2017. Revision of the Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook 1842) complex of Dwarf Salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliinae) with a description of two new species. Herpetological Monographs 31: 18–46.