List of active nationalist parties in Europe explained

Nationalist parties in Europe have been on the rise since the early 2010s^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} due to, according to some, austerity measures and immigration.^{[6] [7]}

Analyses

Linguist Ruth Wodak has stated that the populist parties rising across Europe do so for different reasons in different countries. In an article published in March 2014, she divided these political parties into four groups: "parties [which] gain support via an ambivalent relationship with fascist and Nazi pasts" (in, e.g., Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and France), parties which "focus primarily on a perceived threat from Islam" (in, e.g., the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland), parties which "restrict their propaganda to a perceived threat to their national identities from ethnic minorities" (in, e.g., Hungary, Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom), and parties which "endorse a fundamentalist Christian conservative-reactionary agenda" (in, e.g., Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria).^[8] According to The Economist, the main attraction of far-right parties in the Scandinavian countries is the perception that their national culture is under threat.^[9]

Different parts of Europe have nationalist parties with various ideologies and goals. Most nationalist parties in Central and Western Europe are described as "right-wing populists".^[10] According to Thomas Klau of the European Council on Foreign Relations "as antisemitism was a unifying factor for far-right parties in the 1910s, 20s and 30s, Islamophobia has become the unifying factor in the early decades of the 21st century."^[11] At the other side, there are non-rightist nationalist forces, many of them are leftist, civic or big-tent parties, which often advocate regionalism.

Overview

There are several nationalist political parties of all kinds in Europe, with different cases among the countries.

In Cyprus, because of the complicated situation on the island nation, most of the political forces are described as nationalist but on a different perspective each: leftist-nationalist AKEL supports Cypriotism, social-democratic EDEK, green KOSP and centrist DIKO are Greek-Cypriot nationalist, while national-populist ELAM supports Hellenic nationalism and union with Hellas.

In Belarus (Belaya Rus) and in Azerbaijan (New Azerbaijan Party), the dominant ruling parties are also big-tent nationalist, while in Russia both the ruling big-tent party (United Russia) and the main opposition parties (leftist Commnist Party and far-right LDPR) are nationalist. In Turkey, almost all the political parties, from centre-left kemalists to the far-right, are nationalist, including the government parties (conservative AKP, far-right MHP) and the main opposition (kemalist CHP, civic nationalist İYİ).

Right-wing or far-right nationalist parties are the biggest party in Switzerland (Swiss People's Party) and the ruling party in Italy (Brothers of Italy, Lega), in Hungary (Fidesz), part of the government in Finland (Finns Party), while in Sweden (Swedish Democrats) and in Serbia (United Serbia) they support the government. Also, in North Macedonia, nationalist VMRO-DPMNE is one of the two major parties in the country.

In the UK, Scotland's government is ruled by SNP, a catch-all and mostly social-democratic nationalist party that supports Scottish independence. In Spain, the centre-left government is supported by leftist nationalist ERC (Catalonia) and EH-Bildu (Basque) that seeking Catalan and Basque independence prospectively and also by the centrist nationalist and pro-Basque-independence BNP. In Norway (civic nationalist Centre Party) and in Cyprus (centrist DIKO, social-democratic EDEK), non-rightist nationalist parties are coalition partners on the governments. Also in Moldova, leftist nationalist PSRM is one of the two major political forces.

In all other countries, nationalist parties are in opposition. In some countries, opposition nationalist parties are major or significant players in politics, such as France's National Rally and La France Insoumise, Germany's AfD, Spain's Vox, Hellas' Hellenic Solution, Serbia's Oathkeepers and Dveri, Portugal's Chega, Netherlands' PVV and Forum for Democracy, Catalonia's (Esp) Junts and CUP, Ukraine's Batkivshchyna and Svoboda, Estonia's Conservative People's Party, Austria's Freedom Party, Bulgaria's Revival, Flanders' (Bel) Vlaams Belang and New Flemish Alliance, Hungary's Jobbik and Our Homeland Movement, Czechia's SPD, Norway's Progress Party, Armenia's Revolutionary Federation, Wales' (UK) Plaid Cymru, Sprska's (B&H) Alliance of Independents Social Democrats, Slovakia's National Party, Republika and Smer, Slovenia's SDS, Cyprus' AKEL and ELAM, Denmark's People's Party, Ireland's Sinn Fein, Moldova's Şor, Croatia's Homeland Movement, Luxembourg's Alternative Democratic Reform, Bosnia's Party of Democratic Action etc. In the United Kingdom, there is UK Independence Party, as a minor political player.

Separatist/regionalist nationalist parties with strong influence in the whole countries' politics are mentioned above, are ERC, Junts and CUP from Catalonia, Lega from Northern Italy, SNP from Scotland, Vlaams Belang and New Flemish Alliance from Flanders, Alliance of Independents Social Democrats from Sprska and Plaid Cymru from Wales. Also, there are some separatist nationalist parties with strong -or even majority- influence at local councils: Basqonian Geroa Bai from Navarre, Pe a Corsica from Corsica, Croatian Democratic Union from Croat-speaking Bosnia and Galician Nationalist Bloc from Galicia.

There are some cases, like Hellas's Golden Dawn, Slovakia's L'SNS, Croatia's Party of Rights or Germany's NPD, in which parties with significant role on the politics were ultra-nationalist and described as neonazist. Today, NPD is a minor extra-parliamentary party in Germany, Golden Dawn has eclipsed and condemned by the Hellenic Supreme Court as a criminal organization, Party of Rights is also almost eclipsed in Croatia, while L'SNS is still a parliamentary active political force in Slovakia. In Turkey, the government coalition partner MHP is considered ultra-conservative and neo-fascist, with links to the racist organization "Grey Wolves". In Italy, governing Brothers of Italy has post-fascist roots, while some years earlier the political parties MSI and its successor National Alliance (neo-fascist and post-fascist prospectively) were major political forces. In Hellas, the parliamentary political party of Spartans, though not neonazi/neofascist itself, entered the Parliament because of the endorsement of National Party - Hellenes and its leader Ilias Kasidhiaris, an ex-leading member of the neonazi Golden Dawn. Also, parties like Ukraine's Svoboda or Russia's LDPR have described as alleged with neonazism and neofascism.

Recent developments

Estonian General election, March 2019

The Conservative People's Party of Estonia is an Estonian far-right political party, founded in 2012. During the 2019 Estonian parliamentary election it had the largest gain overall of all parties, increasing their seat count by 12 to a total of 19 seats. Its public support is on the rise, according to opinion polls.

Spanish General election, November 2019

Vox is a Spanish right-wing to far-right political party, founded in 2012. It obtained, by surprise, 24 seats in the Spanish parliament in the April 2019 election. In the November 2019 election Vox obtained 52 seats (an increase) from what it got in early 2019. The president of Vox is Santiago Abascal and its general secretary is Javier Ortega Smith. Its public support is on the rise, according to results of subsequent regional elections, and opinion polls.

Hungarian Parliamentary Elections, 3 April 2022

Hungary held its General Parliamentary Elections on 3 April 2022, where 199 seats in the National Assembly of Hungary were filled. Two nationalist parties, emerged with seats in the new Assembly, with the new Prime Minister, Viktor Orban, being from the Fidesz-Christian Democratic People's Party. His party gained 135 seats, while the Our Homeland Movement gained 7 seats. This put 142 out of 199 seats in the Hungarian National Assembly under the control of nationalist parties..

Swedish General Elections, 11 September 2022

Sweden held its 2022 Swedish general election on 11 September 2022, where 349 seats in the Riksdag were filled. Sweden Democrats Sweden's far-right political party made gains winning 73 seats and becoming the 2nd largest party in Sweden with 20.07%. After the election Sweden Democrats joined the government.

They had two minor nationalist party's also ran Alternative for Sweden and Swedish Resistance Movement however they got a small % of the vote.

Italian General Elections, 25 September 2022

Italy held its General Elections on 25 September 2022, where 400 Deputies were elected to the Lower House and 200 Senators to the Upper House of the Italian Parliament. Italy's second largest right-wing party, the Lega Nord or "League" secured 66 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (Lower House) and 30 seats in the Senate (Upper House). The Brothers of Italy, the largest nationalist right-wing party today, obtained 119 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 65 seats in the Senate.

Observers commented that the results shifted the geopolitics of the European Union, following far-right gains in France, Spain, and Sweden.^{[12] [13] [14]} It was also noted that the election outcome would mark Italy's first far-right-led government and the country's most right-wing government since 1945.^{[15] [16] [17]}

Finnish General Elections, 2 April 2023

Finland held its General Elections, 2 April 2023, where 200 seats in the Eduskunta were elected to the Lower House. Finland's largest far-right party, the Finns Party secured 46 seats in the parliament, it was the second largest party with 20.07% of the vote.

They had two minor party's also ran Blue-and-Black Movement and Finnish People First but they got a small % of the votes.

Hellenic election, 2023

On the Hellenic Parliamentary elections in June 2023, far-right nationalist party Spartans entered the Parliament gaining 12/300 MP seats and around 4.5% of the popular vote. Two parties often described by some as nationalist also entered the Parliament: national-conservative Hellenic Solution gained 12/300 seats and around 4.5% of the popular vote, while christian-nationalist party Victory gained 10/300 sets with popular vote around 3.5%. Finally, Course of Freedom, an anti-establishment party which is described by some as left-wing nationalist, gained 3% of the popular vote and 8/300 seats. Totally, there are 12/300 (4%) seats belonging to a clearly far-right nationalist party, while by adding the seats of parties that sometimes described as nationalist, a total number of 42/300 (14%) of the Parliament MPs.

Prior to the election, there was an increasing coiling around National Party – Hellenes and its leader Ilias Kasidhiaris. Kasidhiaris, a former leading member of neonazi Golden Dawn party, tried to present a party with modern nationalist far-right profile, managing to reach around 5% in 2023 polls.^[18] Finally, a law that exclude political parties connected to individuals sentenced as part of criminal organizations (Kasidhiaris is sentenced as leading person of Golden Dawn and serves his sentence on prison), did not allow at the party to take part on the election. Kasidiaris and his party, endorsed Spartans party, so it managed to enter the Parliament.

List

National

Country	Party	Date established	data-sort-type="number"	% of popular vote	Votes	data-sort-type="number"	Seats	Ideology, description	Europarty
Albania	Albanian National Front Party	1989				Albanian nationalism, national conservatism, Greater Albania
Armenia	Armenian Revolutionary Federation	1890	21.11% (2021)	269,481		Armenian nationalism, United Armenia^[19] ^[20]	PES
	Republican Party of Armenia	1990	5.22% (2021)	66,650		Armenian nationalism, National conservatism, Tseghakronism, Russophilia	EPP
Austria	Freedom Party of Austria	1956	16.2% (2019)	772,666		National conservatism, right-wing populism, anti-immigration,^[21] euroscepticism	ID
Belgium	New Flemish Alliance	2001	16.71% (2024)	1,167,061		Flemish nationalism, Regionalism, Separatism, Conservatism, Liberal conservatism,^[22] Republicanism	EFA
	Vlaams Belang	2004	13.77% (2024)	961,601		Flemish nationalism^[23] Right-wing populism Separatism National conservatism^[24] Euroscepticism^[25]	ID
Bulgaria	IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement	1999				Bulgarian nationalism, national conservatism, traditionalism
	National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria	2011				Bulgarian nationalism, national conservatism, Euroscepticism
	Attack	2005				Bulgarian nationalism, ultranationalism,
	Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy	2014	0.10 (2024)	2,163		National Socialism, Ultranationalism
	Revival (Bulgarian political party)	2014	13.78% (2024)	295,915		Bulgarian nationalism, national conservatism, Euroscepticism, anti-Western.
Croatia	Homeland Movement	2020	9.56% (2024)	202,714		Croatian nationalism, Right-wing populism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Conservatism, Soft Euroscepticism
	Croatian Party of Rights	1990	0.85% (2024)	18,128		Croatian nationalism^[26] ^[27] ^[28]
Cyprus	National Popular Front	2008	6.8% (2021)	24,255		Greek nationalism
Czech Republic	ANO 2011	2012	27.13% (2021)	1,458,140		National conservatism, right-wing populism, anti-immigration
	Freedom and Direct Democracy	2015	9.56% (2021)	513,900		Czech nationalism, Anti-immigrant, Anti-Muslim Eurosceptism	ID
Denmark	Danish People's Party	1995	2.6% (2022)	93.428		National conservatism, Danish nationalism, Anti-immigration,^[29] ^[30] Euroscepticism	ID
	The New Right	2015	3.7 % (2022)	129,524		Conservatism, National conservatism, Economic liberalism, Danish nationalism, Euroscepticism, Anti-immigration, Anti-Islam
	Hard Line	2017	1.8 % (2019)	63,114		Ethnonationalism, Identitarianism, Anti-immigration, Anti-Islam, Hard Euroscepticism
Estonia	Conservative People's Party of Estonia	2012	17.8% (2019)	99,672		Estonian nationalism, national conservatism, anti-immigration, Euroscepticism, Ethnopluralism	ID
Finland	Finns Party	1995	20.07% (2023)	620,102		Finnish nationalism,^[31] Anti-Immigration,^[32] ^[33] Euroscepticism	ID
France	National Rally	1972	29.26% (2024)	9,379,092		French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism^[34] ^[35] ^[36]	ID
	Reconquête	2021	0.79% (2024)	266,088		French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism
Georgia	Georgian Dream	2012	48.22% (2020)	928,004		Georgian nationalism, Anti-immigration, Social conservatism,Euroscepticism, Anti-lgbt
	Georgian March	2017	0.25% (2020)	4,769		Georgian nationalism, Anti-immigration, Social conservatism,Euroscepticism, Anti-lgbt
Germany	Alternative for Germany	2013	10.3% (2021)	4,803,902		Euroscepticism, National conservatism	ID
	National Democratic Party	1964	0.1% (2021)	64,574		German nationalism, Neo-nazism	APF
Greece	Course of Freedom	2016	3.17% (2023)	165,310		Left-wing nationalism, Sovereigntism, Anti-austerity, Left-wing populism, Progressivism, Euroscepticism
	Democratic Patriotic Movement - Victory	2019	3.69% (2023)	192,239		Religious conservatism, Christian nationalism
	Golden Dawn	1993	not able to contest, cancelled by Supreme Court			Greek nationalism, Anti-immigration, Irredintism,^[37] Ultranationalism,^[38] Neo-fascist,^[39] Neo-nazism
	Greek Solution	2016	4.45% (2023)	262,218		National conservatism, Greek nationalism, Economic nationalism, Euroscepticism, Anti-immigration, Right-wing populism
	National Party - Hellenes	2020	not able to contest, cancelled by Supreme Court			Greek nationalism, Ultranationalism, Anti-immigration, Nativism
	Spartans	2017	4.68% (2023)	243,922		Greek nationalism, Ultranationalism, Anti-immigration, Conservatism, Euroscepticism
Hungary	Fidesz	1988	54.10% (2022)	3,057,195		Hungarian nationalism, national conservatism, anti-immigration, right-wing populism
	Our Homeland Movement	2018	6.18% (2022)	332,440		Hungarian nationalism, anti-immigration, Hungarian irredentism
Ireland	Aontú	2019	1.9% (2020)	40,917		Irish republicanism, Social conservatism
	Sinn Féin	1905	24.5% (2020)	535,595		Irish republicanism, Left-wing nationalism
	Fianna Fáil	1926	22.2% (2020)	484,320		Irish republicanism, Conservatism, Christian democracy, Irish nationalism^[40] ^[41]
	Fine Gael	1933	20.9% (2020)	455,584		Irish republicanism, Liberal conservatism, Christian democracy, Irish nationalism^[42] ^[43] ^[44] ^[45]
	Irish Freedom Party	2018	0.3% (2020)	5,495
	National Party	2016	0.2% (2020)	4,773		Nationalism, Anti-immigration, Anti-Islam
Italy	Brothers of Italy	2012	26.0% (2022)	7,284,952		National conservatism,^[46] Right-wing populism	AECR
	League	1991	8.7% (2022)	2,458,752		Right-wing populism, Sovereigntism, Conservatism	ID
Latvia	National Alliance	2010	9.40% (2022)	84,939		Latvian nationalism^[47]	AECR
	Latvian Nationalists	2018	0.50% (2018)	4,245		Latvian nationalism^[48]
Lithuania	Young Lithuania	2009				Lithuanian nationalism, national conservatism, protectionism
Luxembourg	Alternative Democratic Reform Party	1987	9.27% (2023)	348,990		conservatism	AECR
Malta	Moviment Patrijotti Maltin	2016	0.36% (2017)	1,117		Maltese nationalism, right-wing populism, anti-immigration, anti-Islam
	Imperium Europa	2000	3.17% (2019)	1,117		Maltese nationalism, Pan-European nationalism, anti-immigration, anti-Zionism
Netherlands	Party for Freedom	2006	23.69% (2023)	2,414,657		Anti-immigration, Anti-Islam, Euroscepticism	ID
	Forum for Democracy	2016	2.24% (2023)	228,822		Anti-immigration, National conservatism, Euroscepticism
	VMRO-DPMNE	1990	44.54% (2024)	436,036		Macedonian nationalism,^[49] Christian democracy, ^[50]	EPP
Norway	Progress Party	1973	11.7% (2021)	346,053		Right-wing populism, Conservative liberalism,^[51] ^[52] Anti-immigration,^[53] Euroscepticism^[54]
	Centre Party	1920	13.6% (2021)	402,481		Norwegian nationalism (Civic nationalism),^[55] Euroscepticism,^[56] Agrarianism
Poland	United Right	2015	35.4% (2023)	7,640,854		National conservatism, Christian democracy, soft euroscepticism^[57] ^[58]	AECR
	Law and Justice	2001				Christian democracy, Soft Euroscepticism, Economic Nationalism	AECR
	Sovereign Poland	2012				National conservatism, Euroscepticism, Political Catholicism	AECR
	Confederation Liberty and Independence	2018	7.16% (2023)	1,547,364		Hard Euroscepticism, Polish Nationalism, Ordoliberalism
	National Movement	2012				Polish nationalism, national conservatism, anti-globalization
Portugal	Rise Up	2000	0.09% (2024)	6,030		Portuguese nationalism, Hard Euroscepticism	AENM
	Chega	2019	18.1% (2024)	1,169,781		Portuguese nationalism, national conservatism	ID
Romania	Greater Romania Party	1991	0.55% (2020)	32,654		Romanian nationalism, Union with Moldova, Anti-Hungarian sentiment
	Rational Romania	2019	-	-	-	Romanian rational nationalism. Neutral, Objective, Patriotic
	LDPR	1991	7.55% (2021)	4,252,096		Russian nationalism, Russian imperialism, anti-Americanism^[59] ^[60]
Serbia	Serbian People's Party	2014				Serbian nationalism, Right-wing populism, National conservatism
	Serbian Party Oathkeepers	2012	3.87% (2022)	138,260		Serbian nationalism, Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Russophilia
	Dveri	1999	3.84% (2022)	140,100		Serbian nationalism, Right-wing populism, Christian right, Conservatism, Monarchism, Economic nationalism, Eco-nationalism, Euroscepticism
	Serbian Radical Party	1991	2.23% (2022)	80,218		Serbian nationalism, Serbian irredentism, Right-wing populism, Hard Euroscepticism, National conservatism, Russophilia
Slovakia	Slovak National Party	1989	5.63% (2023)	166,995		Slovak ultra-nationalist,^[61] ^[62] ^[63] ^[64] ^[65] ^[66] Antiziganism^[67] ^[68] ^[69]	MELD
	Kotleba - People's Party Our Slovakia	2011	0.84% (2023)	25,003		Neo-fascism	APF
Slovenia	Slovenian Democratic Party	1989	23.5 (2022)	279,897		Slovenian nationalism, National conservatism, Right-wing populism, Social conservatism	EPP
	Slovenian National Party	1991	1.5% (2022)	17,736		Slovenian nationalism
Spain	Vox	2013	12.4% (2023)	3,057,000		Spanish nationalism, National Conservatism^[70]	AECR
	Spanish Falange of the JONS	1976	0.04% (2016)	9,862		Falangism
	España 2000	2002	0.04% (2011)	9,266		Spanish nationalism
	National Democracy	1995	0.01% (2011)	1,867		Spanish nationalism	APF
	La Falange	1999	0.00% (2016)	254		Falangism, national syndicalism, Spanish nationalism
Sweden	Sweden Democrats	1988	20.5% (2022)	1,322,214		Swedish nationalism,^[71] Anti-immigration,^[72] Euroscepticism^[73]	AECR
	Alternative for Sweden	2018	0.26% (2022)	16,646		Swedish nationalism, Anti-immigration, Euroscepticism
	Swedish Resistance Movement	1997	0.03% (2018)	2,106		Militant national socialist^[74] (part of the Nordic Resistance Movement)
Switzerland	Swiss People's Party	1971	27.93% (2023)	713,471		National conservatism, Economic liberalism, Agrarianism,^[75] ^[76] Euroscepticism^[77]
Ukraine	Right Sector	2014	2.15% (2019)	315,568		Ukrainian nationalism
	Svoboda	1991	2.15% (2019)	315,568		Ukrainian nationalism, Anti-Russian^[78]
	Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists	1992	2.15% (2019)	315,568		Ukrainian nationalism
	Patriotic Alternative	2019				White nationalism, British nationalism, Anti-immigration

Disputed

Party	Country	Date established	% of popular vote (legislature)	Votes (legislature)	Seats	Ideology
Peace to Luhansk region		align=center	2014	align=center	74.12% (2018)	align=center			Russian nationalism, Luhansk separatism
Donetsk Republic		align=center	2005	align=center	72.38% (2018)	align=center			Russian nationalism, Donbass separatism
Unity Party		align=center	2003	align=center	46.3% (2009)	align=center	21,246		Ossetia
Free Motherland		align=center	2005	align=center	44.2% (2010)	align=center	29,252		Armenian nationalism, United Armenia
National Unity Party		align=center	1975	align=center	44.1% (2009)	align=center	622,804		Turkish nationalism
Vetëvendosje		align=center	2005	align=center	26.27% (2019)	align=center	221,001		Albanian Nationalism & Greater Albania
Renewal		align=center	2000	align=center	% (2010)	align=center	75,800		Centrism, Russian Nationalism
United Abkhazia		align=center	2004	align=center	% (2012)	align=center			Republicanism

Regional

Party	Country	Date established	% of popular vote (legislature)	Votes (legislature)	Seats	Ideology
Basque National Party	Basque Autonomous Community	align=center	1895	align=center	34.8% (2024)	align=center	372,456		Basque nationalism
Geroa Bai (Basque National Party + other minor parties)	Navarre	align=center	2011	align=center	15.8% (2015)	align=center	53,497		Basque nationalism
EH Bildu	Basque Autonomous Community Navarre	align=center	2011	align=center	32.1% (2024) 14.2% (2015)	align=center	343,60948,166		Basque nationalism
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats		align=center	1996	align=center	34.6% (2022)	align=center	221,554		Serbian nationalism
Together for Catalonia		align=center	2017	align=center	21.59% (2024)	align=center	681,470		Catalan independence Liberalism
Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes		align=center	2017	align=center	13.66% (2024)	align=center	431,128		Catalan independence Social democracy
Popular Unity Candidacy		align=center	2017	align=center	4.09% (2024)	align=center	129,059		Catalan independence Anti-capitalism
Pè a Corsica		align=center	2002	align=center	45.4% (2017) (54.5% in second round)	align=center	54,212 (67,253 in second round)		Corsican nationalism
New Flemish Alliance		align=center	2001	align=center	23.88% (2024)	align=center	1,045,950		Flemish nationalism Regionalism Separatism Conservatism Liberal conservatism Republicanism
Flemish Interest		align=center	2004	align=center	22.66% (2024)	align=center	992,504		Flemish nationalism Right-wing populism Separatism National conservatism Euroscepticism Republicanism	ID
Martinican Independence Movement	Martinique	align=center	2002	align=center	30.3% (2015) (54.1% in second round)	align=center	36,523 (83,541 in second round)		Martinican nationalism
Scottish National Party		1934	44.1% (2016) (Constituency vote: 46.5%) (Regional vote: 41.7%)	2,013,484 (Constituency vote: 1,059,897) (Regional vote: 953,587)		Scottish independence Scottish nationalism Regionalism
Plaid Cymru		align=center	1925	align=center	20.7% (2016) (Constituency vote: 20.5%) (Regional vote: 20.8%)	align=center	420,924 (Constituency vote: 209,376) (Regional vote: 211,548)		Welsh nationalism Welsh independence Civil nationalism Regionalism
Sinn Féin	Northern Ireland	1905	29.0% (2022)	250,388		Irish republicanism,Left-wing nationalism
Party of Democratic Action^[79]		align=center	1990	align=center	24.4% (2022)	align=center	238,111		Bosniak nationalism
Croatian Democratic Union		align=center	1990	align=center	13.3% (2022)	align=center	130,567		Croatian nationalism
Galician Nationalist Bloc		align=center	1982	align=center	23.79% (2020)	align=center	311,340		Galician nationalism
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians		align=center	1994	align=center	9.29% (2020)	align=center	75,218		Hungarian nationalism

European political parties with mainly nationalist parties

Ultra-nationalist, neo-fascist

• Alliance for Peace and Freedom (2014–present)
• European National Front (2004–2009)

National-conservative

• European Conservatives and Reformists Party (2009–present)
• Identity and Democracy Party (2014–present)
• Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy (2011-2015)
• Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe (2005-2008)
• Alliance for Europe of the Nations (2002-2009)

Separatist/Regionalist

• European Free Alliance (1981–present)

There are not europarties with left-wing or civic nationalist ideology, though there are individual national parties.

Sources

• Book: Geden, Oliver . Diskursstrategien im Rechtspopulismus: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs und Schweizerische Volkspartei zwischen Opposition und Regierungsbeteiligung . 2006 . VS Verlag . 978-3-531-15127-4.
• Book: Skenderovic, Damir . The radical right in Switzerland: continuity and change, 1945-2000 . 2009 . Berghahn Books . 978-1-84545-580-4.

Further reading

• News: Walker. Peter. Europe's 'nationalist populists' and far right - interactive. 26 June 2013. The Guardian. 6 November 2011. Allen, Paddy.
• News: Haddad. Mohammed. The rise of Europe's far-right voices. 26 June 2013. 24 February 2013. Piven, Ben. Al Jazeera.

External links

• Antonis Klapsis, An Unholy Alliance: The European Far Right and Putin's Russia (Brussels: Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, 2015) (http://www.martenscentre.eu/publications/far-right-political-parties-in-europe-and-putins-russia, https://www.academia.edu/12673001/An_Unholy_Alliance._The_European_Far_Right_and_Putins_Russia).

Notes and References

1. News: EU president warns against rising nationalism in Europe. 2 July 2013. Today's Zaman. 11 November 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111217052315/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-226877-eu-president-warns-against-rising-nationalism-in-europe.html. 17 December 2011.
2. News: Special report: The rise of the right in Europe. 2 July 2013. 6 June 2013. Special Broadcasting Service.
3. News: Rising European nationalism chills investors. 2 July 2013. CBS News. 23 April 2012.
4. News: Fascism and Ultranationalism on the Rise in Countries Across Europe. 2 July 2013. 27 June 2013. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.
5. News: Peter Popham: Rise of far right threatens to pollute politics across Europe. 2 July 2013. The Independent. 7 May 2012.
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