European Squadron Explained

Unit Name:European Squadron
Dates:1865–1905
Country:United States
Branch: United States Navy
Type:Naval squadron

The European Squadron, also known as the European Station, was a part of the United States Navy in the late 19th century and the early 1900s. The squadron was originally named the Mediterranean Squadron and renamed following the American Civil War. In 1905, the squadron was absorbed into the North Atlantic Fleet.[1]

Second Anglo-Egyptian War

The Egyptian Expedition in June and July 1882 was a response by the United States to the British and French attack on Alexandria during the Anglo-Egyptian War. To protect American citizens and their property within the city, ships of the European Squadron, under Rear Admiral James Nicholson, were sent to Egypt with orders to observe the conflict ashore and make a landing if necessary. British and French forces heavily damaged the city and started a large fire so a force of marines and sailors were landed and they assisted in fire fighting and guarding the American consulate from insurgents.[2] Casper F. Goodrich, who served as an executive officer on the USS Lancaster, commanded the landing party and would later publish an extensive report on the bombardment.[3]

Early 20th century

The European Squadron returned to U.S. waters at the start of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, and did not return to Europe until July 1901, when Admiral Bartlett J. Cromwell was placed in command with the cruiser as flagship. Other ships of the squadron from July 1901 included the cruiser and the gunboat .[4]

Commanders

NamePictureRankAssigned
(Orders)		Assumed
(On Station)		Relieved
(Orders)		Relieved
(On Station)		Flagship(s)
RADM Louis M. GoldsboroughFebruary 1865 18 July 1865[5] 1867 14 July 1867[6]
ADM David G. Farragut?14 July 1867?10 November 1868[7]
CDRE Alexander M. Pennock?10 November 1868?28 February 1869[8]
RADM William Radford[9] ?1869?1 March 1870
RADM Oliver S. Glisson?August 1870?January 1871
RADM Charles S. Boggs?January 1871?1 January 1872Franklin

?1 January 1872[10] ?2 June 1873[11]
Brooklyn
RADM Augustus Case?1873[12] ?1875Franklin
Wabash
RADM John L. Worden?1875[13] ?5 October 1877Franklin

RADM William E. Le Roy?5 October 1877?23 January 1879 Trenton
CAPT John Lee Davis
(pro tem)		?23 January 1879?February 1879Trenton
RADM John C. Howell[14] 1878February 1879?16 September 1881Trenton

?16 September 1881[15] February 188310 March 1883
?10 March 1883[16] ?September 1884Lancaster
RADM Earl English?September 1884?May/June 1885Lancaster
RADM Samuel Rhoads Franklin?May/June 188520 July 1887[17] 24 August 1887[18]
RADM James A. Greer?1887[19] ?1889?
Unknown???1889?1893?
RADM Henry ErbenJune 1893[20] ?August 1894?[21]
RADM William A. Kirkland[22] April 1894November 1895[23]
RADM Thomas O. Selfridge Jr.[24] November 1895February 1898[25]
January 1898April 1898?
The European Squadron returned to U.S. waters at the start of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, and did not return until July 1901.
RADM Bartlett J. Cromwell?July 19019 February 1902[26] 9 February 1902[27] [28]
CAPT Joseph E. Craig
(Senior Officer Present)[29] 		?9 February 1902?April 1902?
March 190230 April 1902[30] 3 March 1903[31] 20 March 1903[32] [33]
CAPT James Henry Dayton
(Senior Officer Present)		?20 March 1903?28 April 1903?
RADM Charles S. Cotton?28 April 1903?16 February 1904
(June–July 1903)[34]
[35]
CAPT Harry Knox
(Senior Officer Present)[36] 		?16 February 1904?28 March 1904Brooklyn
RADM Joseph Coghlan???20 April 1904?
RADM Theodore Frelinghuysen Jewell?20 April 1904??
In 1905 the European Squadron was absorbed into the North Atlantic Fleet.

External links

Notes and References

  1. For a general history of the post Civil War period, see William N. Still Jr., American Sea Power in the Old World: the United States Navy in European and Near Eastern waters, 1865-1917, (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980).
  2. Web site: USS Nipsic (1879–1913) – Relics and Miscellaneous Views . https://web.archive.org/web/20020404192908/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-n/nipsc2-x.htm . dead . 4 April 2002 . Naval History & Heritage Command . 2002 . 11 August 2012 .
  3. Book: Goodrich, Caspar F. (Caspar Frederick). Report of the British naval and military operations in Egypt, 1882. 1885. Washington, Govt. Print. Off.. The Library of Congress.
  4. Naval & Military intelligence . 8 July 1901 . 6 . 36501.
  5. Book: Eicher . John H. . Eicher . David J. . David J. Eicher . Civil War High Commands . 2001 . . California . 9780804736411 . 864 . amp.
  6. USS Colorado . 2010 . 11 August 2012 .
  7. USS Franklin . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  8. Web site: RG45: Appendix B. List of Volumes of Letters Received by the Secretary of the Navy From Officers Commanding Squadrons . Naval History & Heritage Command . 2005 . 11 August 2012.
  9. Web site: Rear Admiral William Radford, USN (1808–1890) . 2008 . Destroyer History Foundation . 2 June 2010.
  10. USS Alden . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  11. USS Wabash . 30 July 2001 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  12. USS Case . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  13. Web site: Worden, John L. (1818–1897) . . 2006 . 11 August 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120921174746/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-w/j-wrdn.htm . 21 September 2012 . dmy-all .
  14. Web site: Rear Admiral John C. Howell . Naval History & Heritage Command . 2009 . 11 August 2012.
  15. USS Nicholson . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  16. USS Lancaster. 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  17. Book: Nott. Charles C.. Hopkins. Archibald. Cases Decided in the Court of Claims of the United States, at the Term of 1893–94. Washington, D.C.. W.H. & O.H. Morrison. 1890. 6–7.
  18. Book: United States Catholic Historical Society. Historical Records and Studies. Part I, Volume VI. New York. United States Catholic Historical Society. 1911. 197.
  19. USS Greer . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  20. Web site: Flag Assignments 1890–1900 . fleetorganization.com . 2011 . 11 August 2012.
  21. Web site: Proceedings. 1941.
  22. Web site: William Alexander Kirkland Papers . . 2011 . 11 August 2012.
  23. Web site: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy. 1895.
  24. USS Selfridge . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  25. USS Minneapolis . 2004 . 11 August 2012 . off.
  26. News: Will Succeed Crowninshield . . San Francisco . 27 October 1901 . 21 . 11 August 2012.
  27. Web site: The Abridgment: Containing Messages of the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress with Reports of Departments and Selections from Accompanying Papers. President. United States. 1903.
  28. Web site: Finding Aid Viewer.
  29. Web site: Commanders of the Sixth Fleet . USS Little Rock Association . 2012 . 11 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130323034624/http://www.usslittlerock.org/Sixth%20Fleet.html . 23 March 2013 . dead .
  30. Web site: Register of the commissioned and warrant officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and reserve officers on active duty . archive.org . 1 January 1903 . 11 August 2012.
  31. Web site: The Rock Island Argus 4 March 1903 — Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections.
  32. Web site: Annual Reports of the Navy Department. 1903.
  33. Web site: All Hands. 1960.
  34. Web site: USS Kearsarge – European Cruise, 1903 . history.navy.mil . 2007 . 11 August 2012.
  35. News: Squadron's Lisbon Visit: King Charles Inspects the Brooklyn and Toasts the President — Tells Admiral Cotton That He Will Cable His Thanks to Mr. Roosevelt . 2 August 1903 . 5 . The New York Times . 25 June 2023.
  36. Web site: Annual Reports of the Navy Department. 1904.

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