Eumetabola Explained

Eumetabola is an unranked clade of Neoptera. Two large unities known as the Eumetabola and Paurometabola are probably from the adelphotaxa of the Neoptera after exclusion of the Plecoptera. The monophyly of these unities appears to be weakly justified.^[1]

According to a phylogenetic analysis, the Eumetabola clade originated 390–350 million years ago, in the Late Devonian.^[2]

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Eumetabola is shown in the cladogram, using the molecular phylogeny of Wipfler et al. 2019 for the Polyneoptera,^[3] Johnson et al 2018 for the Paraneoptera (where Psocomorpha contains Phthiraptera),^[4] and Kjer et al 2016 for the Holometabola.^[5]

External links

• Eumetabola Hennig 1953 insecta.bio.spbu.ru
• Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M. S. 2005: Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, New York. limited preview on Google books
• "The Earliest known Holometabolous insects" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132233

Notes and References

1. Book: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_74 . 10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_74 . Paurometabola — Eumetabola . Multicellular Animals . 2000 . Ax . Peter . 282–284 . 978-3-642-08681-6 .
2. Wang . Yan-hui . Engel . Michael S. . Rafael . José A. . Wu . Hao-yang . Rédei . Dávid . Xie . Qiang . Wang . Gang . Liu . Xiao-guang . Bu . Wen-jun . 2016 . Fossil record of stem groups employed in evaluating the chronogram of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) . Scientific Reports . en . 6 . 1 . 38939 . 10.1038/srep38939 . 5154178 . 27958352. 2016NatSR...638939W .
3. Wipfler. Benjamin. Letsch. Harald. Frandsen. Paul B.. Kapli. Paschalia. Mayer. Christoph. Bartel. Daniela. Buckley. Thomas R.. Donath. Alexander. Edgerly-Rooks. Janice S.. Fujita. Mari. Liu. Shanlin . February 2019 . Evolutionary history of Polyneoptera and its implications for our understanding of early winged insects . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 116 . 8 . 3024–3029 . 10.1073/pnas.1817794116 . 30642969 . 6386694 . 2019PNAS..116.3024W . free .
4. Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects . Kevin P. Johnson . Christopher H. Dietrich . Frank Friedrich . Rolf G. Beutel . Benjamin Wipfler . Ralph S. Peters . Julie M. Allen . Malte Petersen . Alexander Donath . Kimberly K. O. Walden . Alexey M. Kozlov . Lars Podsiadlowski . Christoph Mayer . Karen Meusemann . Alexandros Vasilikopoulos . Robert M. Waterhouse . Stephen L. Cameron . Christiane Weirauch . Daniel R. Swanson . Diana M. Percy . Nate B. Hardy . Irene Terry . Shanlin Liu . Xin Zhou . Bernhard Misof . Hugh M. Robertson . Kazunori Yoshizawa . 3 . . Dec 2018 . 115 . 50 . 12775–12780 . 10.1073/pnas.1815820115 . 30478043 . 6294958 . free.
5. Kjer . Karl M. . Simon . Chris. Chris Simon (biologist) . Yavorskaya . Margarita . Beutel . Rolf G. . 2016 . Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics . Journal of the Royal Society Interface . 13 . 121 . 121 . 10.1098/rsif.2016.0363 . 27558853 . amp . 5014063 .