Eumeta variegata explained

Eumeta variegata, commonly known as the paulownia bagworm or cotton bag worm,[1] is a moth of the family Psychidae. The species was first described by Snellen in 1879.[2] It is found in Japan, Papua New Guinea, India, the Solomon Islands and Sri Lanka.[3] [4] [5]

Description

Adults show strong sexual dimorphism.[6] Adult females lack wings and live throughout their life in the larval case.[7] Adult males have functional wings. This is due to that during final instar larvae, male show normal wing discs, whereas those of the female show rudimentary.[8] [9] The protective is about 5 cm in length. The silk is composed entirely of Glycine-Alanine repeats and poly-Alanine stretches.[10]

In the male, wing discs proliferate rapidly in the eighth instar and continue proliferating. A conspicuous peripodial epithelium forms and the hemopoietic organs break down and disappear completely by the prepupal stage. Whereas in female, the wing discs remain as in the seventh instar, without proliferation of cells inside. Therefore, there is no peripodial epithelium formation and the hemopoietic organs are still attached to the wing discs. Finally the entire wing discs transform into a plain, thick epidermis in the prepupal period.[11] [12]

Molecular basis

In 2018, the complete mitochondrial genome of the moth was sequenced using a nanopore sequencer as a single long read. It is the second report of a complete mitochondrial genome of psychid species.[13]

Ecology

It is a known pest of Citrus and tea cultivation,[14] though it is considered to be polyphagous.[15] It also a known pest of mango, cashew, casuarina, cinnamon, Shorea robusta.[16]

The natural parasites of the species include: Apanteles claniae, Aulosaphes fujianensis, Chouioia cunea, Exorista japonica, Nealsomyia rufella, Sarcophaga caudagalli, and Sclerodermus guani. Pathogens are Bacillus thuringiensis and Nucleopolyhedrosis virus.[17]

Host plants

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Eumeta variegata Snellen, 1879 . 2021-08-22 . www.agric.wa.gov.au . en.
  2. Web site: Species Details: Eumeta variegata Snellen, 1879 . Catalogue of Life . 12 November 2018.
  3. Koçak . Ahmet Ömer . Kemal . Muhabbet . 20 February 2012 . Preliminary list of the Lepidoptera of Sri Lanka . Cesa News . 79 . 1–57 . Academia.
  4. Web site: Savela . Markku . Eumeta variegatus (Snellen, 1879) . Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms . 14 November 2018.
  5. Web site: The Bagworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae, Oiketicinae) of Papua Indonesia . 2021-08-22 . papua-insects.
  6. Web site: Morphology and life-history of the bagworm moth Eumeta variegata . Research Gate. 12 November 2018.
  7. Female-specific wing degeneration is triggered by ecdysteroid in cultures of wing discs from the bagworm moth, Eumeta variegata . Cell and Tissue Research. 333. 1. 169–73. 18478269. 2008. Niitsu. S.. Lobbia. S.. Izumi. S.. Fujiwara. H.. 10.1007/s00441-008-0615-7.
  8. Web site: An improved method for the culture of wing discs of the wingless bagworm moth, Eumeta variegata . Eur. J. Entomol. 107: 687–690, 2010. 12 November 2018.
  9. Postembryonic development of the wing imaginal discs in the female wingless bagworm moth Eumeta variegata . Journal of Morphology. 257. 2. 164–70. 12833377. 2003. Niitsu. S.. 10.1002/jmor.10116.
  10. Web site: Community . Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution . 2019-04-29 . High tensile strengths of bagworm moth silk is revealed by its genome – but is it "extraordinary"? . 2021-08-22 . Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution Community . en.
  11. Niitsu . Shuhei . 2003 . Postembryonic development of the wing imaginal discs in the female wingless bagworm moth Eumeta variegata (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) . 2021-08-22 . Journal of Morphology . 257 . 2 . 164–170 . en . 10.1002/jmor.10116.
  12. Niitsu . Shuhei . Lobbia . Saori . Izumi . Susumu . Fujiwara . Haruhiko . 2008-07-01 . Female-specific wing degeneration is triggered by ecdysteroid in cultures of wing discs from the bagworm moth, Eumeta variegata (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Psychidae) . 2021-08-22 . Cell and Tissue Research . 333 . 169–173 . en . 10.1007/s00441-008-0615-7.
  13. Kazuharu . Arakawa . Nobuaki . Kono . Rintaro . Ohtoshi . Hiroyuki . Nakamura . Masaru . Tomita . 2018 . The complete mitochondrial genome of Eumeta variegata (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) . Mitochondrial DNA Part B . 3 . 2 . 812–813 . 10.1080/23802359.2018.1495119. 33474332 . 7799889 . free .
  14. Web site: HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum . 2021-08-22 . www.nhm.ac.uk.
  15. Web site: Sobczyk . Thomas . The Bagworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) of Papua Indonesia . Papua-Insects.nl . The Papua Insects Foundation . 12 November 2018.
  16. Web site: Pest attacks of Eumeta variegata . ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources. 12 November 2018.
  17. Web site: Eumeta variegata . 2021-08-22 . www.cabi.org . en.

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