| Conventional Long Name: | United Provinces of Central Italy |
| Status: | Client state |
| Status Text: | Client state of the Kingdom of Sardinia |
| Event Start: | Revolution |
| Year Start: | 1859 |
| Date Start: | 8 December |
| Year End: | 1860 |
| Date End: | 22 March |
| Event End: | Annexation |
| P1: | Grand Duchy of Tuscany |
| Flag P1: | Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg |
| P2: | Duchy of Parma and Piacenza |
| Flag P2: | Flag of the Duchy of Parma (1851-1859).svg |
| P3: | Duchy of Modena and Reggio |
| Flag P3: | State Flag of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1830-1859).svg |
| P4: | Papal Legations |
| Flag P4: | Flag of the Papal States (1808-1870).svg |
| S1: | Kingdom of Sardinia |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg |
| Alt Flag: | Flag of the United provinces |
| Flag Caption: | Top: Flag of the United Provinces Bottom: Flag used in Tuscany |
| Image Flag2: | Flag_of_Tuscany_(1859).svg |
| Alt Flag2: | Flag used in Tuscany |
| Image Map Caption: | The United Provinces of Central Italy (green) |
| Capital: | Modena |
| Government Type: | Military government |
| Leader Title1: | King |
| Leader Name1: | Victor Emmanuel II |
| Leader Title2: | Governor General |
| Leader Name2: | Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello |
| Leader Title3: | Appointed Regent |
| Leader Name3: | Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignano |
| Currency: | Sardinian lira, Tuscan florin |
| Today: | Italy |
| Era: | Late modern |
The United Provinces of Central Italy (Italian: Province Unite del Centro Italia), also known as the Confederation of Central Italy or General Government of Central Italy, was a short-lived military government established in 1859 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. It was formed by a union of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Parma, the Duchy of Modena, and the Papal Legations, after the Second Italian War of Independence.
After August 1859, the pro-Piedmontese regimes of Tuscany, Parma, Modena and the Papal Legations agreed to several military treaties. On 7 November 1859, they elected as their regent.
The peace of the Treaty of Zürich had left the question of the United Provinces unsettled. This led to a period of negotiations and eventually to the Treaty of Turin in 1860. During this time, Napoleon III faced pressure from Austria through their ambassador Richard von Metternich to halt Sardinian expansion and restore Ferdinand IV (who had been deposed) as Grand Duke of Tuscany. Ferdinand was a cousin of Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. The Austrians saw Savoia-Carignano, a member of the same dynasty as Victor Emmanuel II, as unacceptably likely to promote annexation by Sardinia. At the urging of Napoleon III, Victor Emmanuel II refused to allow Savoia-Cariagnano to accept a position of leadership in Tuscany, instead sending Carlo Bon Compagni as the Governor General of Central Italy, and making him responsible for the diplomatic and military affairs of the states.
On 8 December 1859, Parma, Modena and the Papal Legations were incorporated into the Royal Provinces of Emilia. After plebiscites were held during March 1860, and France was granted Nice and Savoy, the territory of the United Provinces of Central Italy was annexed formally to Piedmont-Sardinia, as Bon Compagni resigned on 3 March 1860.