Eugênia Anna Santos Explained

Eugênia Anna Santos
Birth Date:	13 July 1869
Birth Place:	Salvador, Bahia
Nationality:	Brazilian
Occupation:	priest
Known For:	Iyalorixá

Eugênia Anna Santos (Mãe Aninha, Oba Biyi; Salvador, Bahia, 13 July 1869 - Salvador, 3 January 1938) was a Brazilian Iyalorixá. She founded the candomblé Ilê Axé Opó Afonjá in Salvador, now considered a National Historic Landmark, and in Rio de Janeiro.^[1]

Life

Santos was born in 1869 to African parents of the Gurunsi nation. She served as the chief female officer, known as, of the Boa Morte sisterhood and Rosario brotherhood. In 1936, Santos was one of the founders of the .

Legacy

Santos is remembered for her great leadership qualities and strength. Author Kim Butler states that she "went further than any other priest in transforming the into an alternative, African world in the heart of Brazil", which "reflected ways in which the candomblé community was part of the larger Afro-Bahaian community". Darlene Clark Hine and Jacqueline McLeod credit her with moving the " out of the shadows by opening the doors of her to the international community".

The Municipal School Eugenia Anna dos Santos was established in her name in 1978 for nursery children aged 6 months to 5 years, and from 1986, for elementary children from 1st to 4th grade.

References

Sources

• Book: Bay. Edna G.. Mann. Kristin. Rethinking the African Diaspora: The Making of a Black Atlantic World in the Bight of Benin and Brazil. 13 September 2013. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-135-31073-8.
• Book: Butler, Kim D.. Freedoms Given, Freedoms Won: Afro-Brazilians in Post-abolition, São Paulo and Salvador. 1998. Rutgers University Press. 978-0-8135-2504-4.
• Book: Hine. Darlene Clark. McLeod. Jacqueline. Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in Diaspora. 1999. Indiana University Press. 0-253-21450-5.
• Book: Lopes, Nei. DICIONÁRIO ESCOLAR AFRO-BRASILEIRO. 9 March 2015. Selo Negro. 978-85-87478-96-2.
• Book: Wolhuter. Charl. Wet. Corene de. International Comparative Perspectives on Religion and Education. 1 March 2014. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. 978-1-920382-37-7.

Bibliography

1. JOAQUIM, Maria Salete. O papel da liderança religiosa feminina na construção da identidade negra. Pallas Editora. 2001. 187 p. . (in Portuguese)
2. LIMA, Vivaldo da Costa. O candomblé da Bahia na década de 30. Vol. 18, pp. 201–221. 2004. (in Portuguese)
3. LIMA, Vivaldo da Costa. A família de santo nos candomblés jejes-nagôs da Bahia: um estudo de relações intragrupais. Português. ed.2a. Salvador. Corrupio. 2003. 216 p. . (in Portuguese)
4. LIMA, Vivaldo da Costa. Lessé Orixá, nos pés do santo. Editora Corrupio. Salvador. 2010. . (in Portuguese)
5. MARIANO, Agnes; QUEIROZ, Aline. Obàrayi - Babalorixá Balbino Daniel de Paula. 2009. Barabô. . (in Portuguese)
6. OLIVEIRA, Waldir Freitas. As pesquisas na Bahia sobre os afro-brasileiros. (in Portuguese)
7. PIERSON, Donald. Negroes In Brazil: A Study of Race Contact at Bahia. The University of Chicago Press. p. 392. 1942.
8. PRANDI, Reginaldo. Segredos Guardados: Orixás na Alma Brasileira. Companhia das Letras. 2005. . (in Portuguese)
9. ROCHA, Agenor Miranda. As Nações Kêtu: origens, ritos e crenças: os candomblés antigos do Rio de Janeiro. 2a-edição. MAUAD Editora Ltda. 2000. 112p. . (in Portuguese)
10. ROCHA, Agenor Miranda. Caminhos de Odu. 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro. Pallas. 1999. . (in Portuguese)
11. SANTANA, Marcos. Mãe Aninha de Afonjá: um mito afro-baiano. Português. ed.1a. Salvador. EGBA. 2006. 100 p. . (in Portuguese)
12. SANTOS, Maria Stella de Azevedo. Meu Tempo é Agora. São Paulo. Editora Oduduwa. 1993. (in Portuguese)
13. SANTOS, Deoscóredes Maximiliano dos. História de Um Terreiro Nagô. 2a.edição. Editora Max Limonad. 1988. (in Portuguese)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Personalidades Negras – Mãe Aninha. Government of Brazil - Fundação Cultural Palmares. 13 December 2015. Portuguese.