Etienne de Swardt explained

Etienne de Swardt
Nationality:	South African, French
Birth Date:	27 August 1970
Label Name:	Etat libre d'Orange

Etienne de Swardt (born August 27, 1970 in Pretoria, Republic of South Africa), is a creator and publisher of French perfumes.^{[1] [2]}

Early life

Etienne de Swardt was born in 1970 to a South African father, an engineer, and a French mother, an associate professor of classical letters. In 1975, his parents left South Africa for New Caledonia. In 1993, Etienne de Swardt arrived in Paris, where he enrolled at ESSEC. After his studies, he joined the LVMH group in 1994 and wrote the concepts of Givenchy perfumes until 2000.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Career as Perfume Creative Director

In May 2000, Etienne de Swardt launched the first line of perfumes for dogs: “Oh My Dog!" followed by "Oh My Cat!", marketed by the company Dog Generation.^{[6] [7] [8]} In 2004, he launched the perfume and body care range of the American boxing brand Everlast with the slogans “Made in Pain” and “Nothing soft comes out of the Bronx ”.^[9]

In 2006, Etienne de Swardt founded the Etat Libre d'Orange, a gallery located in Paris, where he invited perfumers to create perfumes outside the constraints and traditional codes of the industry. Etienne de Swardt wanted to create an enclave of absolute freedom and olfactory libertinism and wrote a declaration of independence which became the Orange Free State manifesto.^{[10] [11] [12]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: 2018-10-31. Indie beauty brands are using anti-perfumes to stand out. 2021-03-06. Glossy. en.
2. Web site: A Parisian Perfume for People Who Want to Smell Like Semen. 2021-03-06. www.vice.com. en.
3. Web site: 2017-06-20. Etienne de Swardt - État Libre d'Orange's maverick founder reveals his five (somewhat saucy...) favourite smells. 2021-03-06. The Perfume Society. en-GB.
4. Web site: 2017-04-20. Interview with Etienne de Swardt, founder of Etat Libre D'Orange. 2021-03-06. fragroom.com. en-GB.
5. Web site: 2018-08-27. Meet The Founder Of The Most Controversial Fragrance House Ever. 2021-03-06. Harper's Bazaar Singapore. en-US.
6. Web site: 2018-04-14. Will You Be Pre-Orduring This New Scent Made From Waste?. 2021-03-06. WeRSM - We are Social Media. en-US.
7. Web site: 2019-11-25. Nez, la revue… de presse - #11 - Où l'on apprend que les singes se parfument, que les punaises sentent la coriandre, et la coriandre le savon ! - Nez le mouvement culturel olfactif. 2021-03-06. Nez. fr-FR.
8. Web site: Media. Kompas Cyber. 2018-03-26. Etat Libre D'Orange, Parfum dengan Aroma Tak Biasa. 2021-03-06. KOMPAS.com. id.
9. Web site: Mania. от Profu. Привет из Африки Etat Libre d'Orange (Свободная Оранжевая Республика) — Профумания. 2021-03-06. ru-RU.
10. Web site: Etienne de Swardt Etat Libre d'Orange. 2021-03-06. Etat Libre d'Orange. en.
11. Web site: Etat Libre d'Orange :: Perfume Houses :: Now Smell This. 2021-03-06. nstperfume.com.
12. Web site: Etat Libre d'Orange - Le parfum est mort, vive le parfum! ~ Niche Perfumery ~ Fragrantica. 2021-03-06. www.fragrantica.com. en.