EtherNet/IP explained

EtherNet/IP (IP = Industrial Protocol)^[1] is an industrial network protocol that adapts the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) to standard Ethernet.^[2] EtherNet/IP is one of the leading industrial protocols in the United States and is widely used in a range of industries including factory, hybrid and process. The EtherNet/IP and CIP technologies are managed by ODVA, Inc., a global trade and standards development organization founded in 1995 with over 300 corporate members.

EtherNet/IP uses both of the most widely deployed collections of Ethernet standards –the Internet Protocol suite and IEEE 802.3 – to define the features and functions for its transport, network, data link and physical layers. EtherNet/IP performs at level session and above (level 5, 6 and 7) of the OSI model. CIP uses its object-oriented design to provide EtherNet/IP with the services and device profiles needed for real-time control applications and to promote consistent implementation of automation functions across a diverse ecosystem of products. In addition, EtherNet/IP adapts key elements of Ethernet’s standard capabilities and services to the CIP object model framework, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which EtherNet/IP uses to transport I/O messages.^[3]

Ethernet/IP was estimated to have about 30% share of the industrial Ethernet market in 2010^[4] and 2018.^[5]

History

Development of EtherNet/IP began in the 1990s within a technical working group of ControlNet International, Ltd.(CI), another trade and standards development organization. In 2000, ODVA and CI formed a joint technology agreement (JTA) for the development of EtherNet/IP. In 2009, the JTA was terminated and EtherNet/IP became under the sole control of ODVA and its members. Today, EtherNet/IP is one of four networks that adapt CIP to an industrial network along with DeviceNet, ControlNet and CompoNet. All of these networks are managed by ODVA, Inc.

Technical Detail

EtherNet/IP classifies Ethernet nodes into predefined device types with specific behaviors. Among other things, this enables:

• Transfer of basic I/O data via User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based implicit messaging
• Uploading and downloading of parameters, setpoints, programs and recipes via TCP (i.e., explicit messaging.)
• Polled, cyclic and change-of-state monitoring via UDP.
• One-to-one (unicast), one-to-many (multicast), and one-to-all (broadcast) communication via IP.
• EtherNet/IP makes use of TCP port number 44818 for explicit messaging and UDP port number 2222 for implicit messaging

Open-source implementation

A portable open-source implementation named OpENer was started in 2009. The source code is available on GitHub, under an adapted BSD license.^[6]

An open-source C++ scanner library named EIPScanner is available on GitHub, under an MIT license.^[7]

See also

• Common Industrial Protocol
• Industrial Ethernet

External links

• Official ODVA website
• ODVA EtherNet/IP page
• EtherNet/IP developers guide from ODVA

Notes and References

1. Web site: EtherNet/IP: Industrial Protocol White Paper . Brooks . Paul . October 2001.
2. Web site: EtherNet/IP – CIP on Ethernet Technology. ODVA. 22 March 2023.
3. Web site: Reliance Electric GV3000 2CN3000 Automation Industrial . 2023-12-23 . 2cn3000.com . en.
4. Web site: Industrial Ethernet market study . 2010-09-01 . 2019-10-08 . 2019-10-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191008144201/http://www.i-automation.com/acacf109-1271-400d-96f1-e8dbbb588867/news-and-events-in-the-news-detail.htm . dead .
5. Web site: Industrial Ethernet is now bigger than Fieldbus . Carlsson . Thomas . 2018-02-16 . 2019-10-08. Web site: Industrial Ethernet is now bigger than Fieldbus . Carlsson . Thomas . 2018-02-16 . 2019-10-08.
6. Web site: OpENer EtherNet/IP stack. . 5 May 2017.
7. Web site: EIPScanner EtherNet/IP repository. . 3 Feb 2021.