| État 140-101 to 140-370 SNCF 140.CK | |
| Powertype: | Steam |
| Builder: | SACM (20) Schneider et Cie. (25) Fives-Lille (25) Nasmyth, Wilson and Company (20) North British Locomotive Co. (215) Vulcan Foundry (35) |
| Builddate: | 1913–1920 |
| Whytetype: | 2-8-0 |
| Uicclass: | 1′D h2 |
| Leadingdiameter: | 0.861NaN1 |
| Driverdiameter: | 1.441NaN1 |
| Length: | 11.750NaN0 |
| Weightondrivers: | 64.5- |
| Locoweight: | 73.2- |
| Tenderweight: | 45- |
| Fueltype: | Coal |
| Boilerpressure: | 1.2- |
| Totalsurface: | 172.46m2 |
| Superheatertype: | Schmidt or Robinson |
| Superheaterarea: | 49m2 |
| Firearea: | 3.16m2 |
| Cylindercount: | Two, outside |
| Cylindersize: | 590x |
| Poweroutput: | 900-1NaN-1 |
| Tractiveeffort: | 157.8- |
| Operator: | Chemin de fer de l'État → SNCF |
| Operatorclass: | SNCF: 3-140.C |
| Numinclass: | 340 |
| Fleetnumbers: | 140-001 to 070 and 140-101 to 370 |
| Disposition: | 8 preserved, remainder scrapped |
État 140-101 to 140-370 is a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotive of the Chemins de fer de l'État, and subsequently the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF).
The engines had an output of 900-1NaN-1 and capable of a speed of up 700NaN0. Their light weight per axle made them capable of hauling both passenger and goods trains on most of the État's network.
The engines' performances were honorable, and could haul 1000 ton trains at 500NaN0 on the level, 550 ton trains at the same speed on gradients of 10‰ (1 in 100) and 260 ton trains on gradients of 20‰ (1 in 50).
The 340 locomotives were ordered in three series. The first series, 70 locomotives, numbered 140-101 to 140-170 were built in France by Schneider et Cie. at Le Creusot, SACM at Belfort, and Fives-Lille. These were built and were put into service in 1913.
The declaration of war in 1914 forced the Chemin de fer de l'État to entrust the construction of the second series of 200 locomotives to Nasmyth, Wilson and Company of Manchester and North British Locomotive Company of Glasgow. Two hundred engines, numbered 140-171 to 140-370, were delivered in 1916 and 1917. Six engines (140-337, 338, 339, 340, 368 and 369) were lost at sea on 30 April 1918, when the cargo ship transporting them, the was torpedoed off the north Cornish coast, 14 nautical miles north of St Ives Head. These engines were mostly used for hauling freight trains.
| 1913 | SACM (Belfort) | 6560–6579 | 140-101 – 140-120 | 3-140.C.101 – 120 | align=left | |
| 1913 | Schneider et Cie. | 3262–3286 | 140-121 – 140-145 | 3-140.C.121 – 145 | align=left | |
| 1913 | Fives-Lille | 3970–3994 | 140-146 – 140-170 | 3-140.C.146 – 170 | align=left | |
| 1916 | North British Loco. Co. | 21316–21395 | 140-171 – 140-250 | 3-140.C.171 – 250 | align=left | |
| 1916–1917 | Nasmyth, Wilson & Co. | 1120–1139 | 140.251 – 140.270 | 3-140.C.251 – 270 | align=left | |
| 1917 | North British Loco. Co. | 21608–21657 | 140.271 – 140.320 | 3-140.C.271 – 320 | align=left | NBL Order No. L-681 |
| 1917 | North British Loco. Co. | 21558–21607 | 140.321 – 140.370 | 1-140.C.321 – 370 | align=left | NBL Order No. L-680 |
The third series of 70 locomotives was ordered by the French rail-mounted heavy artillery (Artillerie Lourde sur Voie Ferrée, ALVF). They were numbered 1 to 70, and half were built by North British Locomotive in 1916, and the other half by Vulcan Foundry between 1919 and 1920. After the war, these 70 locomotives were sold, with the NBL-built locomotives going to the Chemins de fer de l'Est as Est 40.001 to 40.035, and the VF-built locomotives to the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM) as 140.K.1 to 140.K.35.
| 1916 | 21523–21557 | 1–35 | Est 40.001 – 40.035 | 1-140.C.1 – 35 | align=left | |||
| 1919–1920 | 3235–3269 | 36–70 | 140.K.1 – 35 | PLM 5-140.K.1 – 35 | align=left |
The 140.Cs were allocated to all the main État depots, Mézidon, Le Mans, Rennes, Brest, Nantes and Bordeaux, and were used to haul many of the company's express trains; Paris-Le Havre, Paris-Cherbourg, Paris-Granville and on the Chemin de fer de Grande Ceinture.
The 140.Cs, hired out to CFTA, were the last steam locomotives in regular day-to-day commercial use on the French railway network. Their final area of operation was the CFTA Réseau Franche-Comté, whose HQ was at Gray, Haute-Saône. Operations were mainly centred on the line from Gray to Châtillon-sur-Seine and Troyes (in Champagne). After the end of SNCF operated steam in 1974, the 140 Cs became the last operating 'main line' French steam locomotives. 140 C 287 pulled the last ever commercial steam train on French railway metals on 24 September 1975 between Gray and Sainte-Colombe.
Four locomotives, 140.C.230, 140.C.231, 140.C.313 and 140.C.314 were, thanks to their general good condition, chosen by the CFTA to form a reserve pool of engines. They received servicing at Le Mans in 1970 and were taken to Chaumont engine shed in February 1971. None of the engines were ever reused and 140.C.230 was the only locomotive of the group of four to be scrapped. 140.C.231 was then taken from Chaumont to Longueville on 22 October 1972. 140.C.231, along with tender 18.C.482 is owned by the AJECTA and is chartered on French railways
Due to their prolonged use on parts of SNCF and on the CFTA, a total of eight engines are preserved :—
Only one Vulcan-built 140.C was saved (all Nasmyth, Wilson & Co. engines were scrapped) and none of the prewar engines (built in France) survived into preservation.