Estela Jiménez Esponda Explained

Estela Jiménez Esponda
Birth Name:	Estela Jiménez Esponda
Birth Place:	Chiapas, Mexico
Nationality:	Mexican
Occupation:	teacher, feminist, suffragette, politician
Years Active:	1920s-1950s

Estela Jiménez Esponda was a Mexican professor,^[1] feminist, suffragist and women's rights activist. She directed the newspaper Nosotras (Us) and was a leader in the development of the Communist Party.

During the elections and early tenure of President Lázaro Cárdenas when it appeared he was supportive of women's achievement of the vote, Jiménez served as a sector leader of Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM)^[2] and was involved in the Frente Unico Pro Derechos de la Mujer (FUPDM) (United Front for Women‟s Rights). The FUPDM, which had begun in the 1920s,^[3] declined after the unsuccessful ratification of the amendment to Article 34 of the Constitution granting enfranchisement to women.^[4] Jiménez tried to revive the work, leading the PRM's Women's Block (1943), without much success^[5] especially when the party reorganized as PRI and she moved further left. As she saw the effects of malnutrition, labor laws which worked against women, and lack of laws to protect women and children, her ideology became more in line with the communist and socialist parties of Mexico.^[6]

She participated as an alternate delegate at the "round table of Mexican Marxists held in 1947^[7] and in 1948 she was pushed out of the PRI.^[8] In 1955 she ran as a candidate for federal deputy for the Communist Party for the Sixth District of Mexico.^[9] She also was a member of the Ministry of Women's Action of the Federation of Employees of the State or FSTSE alongside Gloria Barrera, Maria del Refugio Garcia, Josefina Vicens and Francisca Zárate.^[10]

Notes and References

1. Book: Everado. Milton Castellanos. Del Grijalva al Colorado : recuerdos y vivencias de un político. 1994. Secretaría de Educación Pública. Mexicali, B.C.. 978-9-687-32622-1. 1. Spanish.
2. Web site: Tuñón Pablos. Enriqueta. Hace 55 años se decretó en México el derecho al sufragio femenino. Cimac Noticias. communication and information of the AC Women. 16 August 2015. Mexico City, Mexico. Spanish. 17 October 2008.
3. Web site: Schnaith. Marisa Caitlin Weiss. A Policy Window for Successful Social Activism: Abortion Reform in Mexico City. etd.ohiolink.edu. Miami University. 16 August 2015. Oxford, Ohio. 29–30. May 2009. 2 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134655/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=muhonors1240332556&disposition=inline. dead.
4. Web site: Bauermeister. Jennifer L.. The Involvement of Women in Mexican Politics and Economics. December 1999. 4–5. 16 August 2015. Washington State University. Pullman, Washington. 2 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125105/http://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/2404/Bauermeister%2C%20Jennifer%20L.%20%20The%20involvement%20of%20women%20in%20mexican.pdf. dead.
5. Web site: Tuñón Pablos. Enriqueta. El Derecho de las Mujeres al Sufragio. Biblioteca Digital. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. 16 August 2015. Mexico City, Mexico. 126–127. Spanish.
6. Book: Tuñón. Enriqueta. ¡Por fin... ya podemos elegir y ser electas! : el sufragio femenino en México, 1935 - 1953. 2002. Plaza y Valdés [u.a.]. México, D.F. 978-9-701-88318-1. 66. 1. Spanish.
7. Bolívar Meza. Rosendo. La Mesa Redonda de los Marxistas Mexicanos: El Partido Popular y el Partido Popular Socialista. Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México. 1993. 16. 212. 193–213. 16 August 2015. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico. Spanish.
8. Web site: La rojería 2/3. Odepablo. Los Tigres de la Falacia. 16 August 2015. Mexico. Spanish.
9. Web site: Gerardo Peláez Ramos. Partido Comunista Mexicano: su historia electoral. 16 August 2015.
10. Web site: Biografía de Josefina Vicens. Comparte Libros. Comparte Libros. 16 August 2015. Spanish.