Erythrocharax altipinnis is a species of characid known only from Pará, Brazil, where it has been found in a small river. This species grows to 2.62cm (01.03inches) in standard length. This species is the only known member of its genus.[1]
The generic epithet is derived from the Greek erythrus (red) plus charax (a typical suffix for members of this family) in reference to the color of the caudal fin and the adipose fin of live specimens. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin alti (long) and pinnis (fin), a reference to the males' long dorsal fin rays.[1]